Cryo-EM structures of Escherichia coli Ec86 retron complexes reveal architecture and defence mechanism.

First discovered in the 1980s, retrons are bacterial genetic elements consisting of a reverse transcriptase and a non-coding RNA (ncRNA). Retrons mediate antiphage defence in bacteria but their structure and defence mechanisms are unknown. Here, we investigate the Escherichia coli Ec86 retron and use cryo-electron microscopy to determine the structures of the Ec86 (3.

Comprehensive genomic variation profiling of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer identifies potential targets for cervical cancer early warning.

Background: To better understand the pathogenesis of cervical cancer (CC), we systematically analysed the genomic variation and human papillomavirus (HPV) integration profiles of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and CC.

Methods: We performed whole-genome sequencing or whole-exome sequencing of 102 tumour-normal pairs and human papillomavirus probe capture sequencing of 45 CCs, 44 CIN samples and 25 normal cervical samples, and constructed strict integrated workflow of genomic analysis.

Results: Mutational analysis identified eight significantly mutated genes in CC including four genes (, , and ), which have not previously been reported in CC.

Coexisting genomic aberrations associated with lymph node metastasis in breast cancer.

Single cancer cell-sequencing studies currently use randomly selected cells, limiting correlations among genomic aberrations, morphology, and spatial localization. We laser-captured microdissected single cells from morphologically distinct areas of primary breast cancer and corresponding lymph node metastasis and performed whole-exome or deep-target sequencing of more than 100 such cells. Two major subclones coexisted in different areas of the primary tumor, and the lymph node metastasis originated from a minor subclone in the invasive front of the primary tumor, with additional copy number changes, including chr8q gain, but no additional point mutations in driver genes.

Publisher Correction: Discovery of targetable genetic alterations in advanced non-small cell lung cancer using a next-generation sequencing-based circulating tumor DNA assay.

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Targeted next generation sequencing in Chinese colorectal cancer patients guided anti-EGFR treatment and facilitated precision cancer medicine.

Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with both and wild-type tumors determined by non-next generation sequencing (NGS) testing may still not respond due to the presence of additional mutated genes such as or . In this study, a broad, hybrid capture-based NGS assay was used to identify and additional targetable genetic alterations from Chinese CRC tissues.

Methods: Fifty-seven cases of CRC were enrolled, and all the patients signed the informed consent.

Long Period and High Level of D-Dimer after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery.

Hyper-coagulation after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) is one of the main reasons for graft thrombosis. D-dimer is closely linked to the activation of coagulation. Few studies have reported the variation range and long-term abnormal coagulation after OPCAB in the Chinese population.

[Effect of D-dimer and tissue factor-1208D/I gene polymorphism on the prognosis of patients with off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting].

Objective: To investigate the effect of perioperative period D-dimer and tissue factor (TF)-1208D/I gene polymorphism on the long-term prognosis of patients with off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG).

Methods: Retrospective analysis of the case data of the first OPCABG patients admitted to Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from May 2015 to May 2016 were enrolled. The general data, operation time, bypass number, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), flow rate of 24-hour pleural effusion, intraoperative heparin dosage, combined anticoagulant and antiplatelet time, and the time of postoperative ventilator were measured.

Discovery of targetable genetic alterations in advanced non-small cell lung cancer using a next-generation sequencing-based circulating tumor DNA assay.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) assays have provided a new method of identifying tumor-driving genes in patients with advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), especially in those whose cancer tissues are unavailable or in those that have acquired treatment resistance. Here, we describe a total of 119 patients with advanced EGFR-TKI-naive NSCLC and 15 EGFR-TKI-resistant patients to identify somatic SNVs, small indels, CNVs and gene fusions in 508 tumor-related genes. Somatic ctDNA mutations were detected in 82.

Tumor-selective replication herpes simplex virus-based technology significantly improves clinical detection and prognostication of viable circulating tumor cells.

Detection of circulating tumor cells remains a significant challenge due to their vast physical and biological heterogeneity. We developed a cell-surface-marker-independent technology based on telomerase-specific, replication-selective oncolytic herpes-simplex-virus-1 that targets telomerase-reverse-transcriptase-positive cancer cells and expresses green-fluorescent-protein that identifies viable CTCs from a broad spectrum of malignancies. Our method recovered 75.