A recombinant IL-1β vaccine attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) contributes to interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pulmonary fibrosis (PF), thus representing a potential therapeutic target for PF. In this study, we first verified the increased expression of IL-1β in human fibrotic lung specimens and mouse lung tissues after intratracheal (i.t.

Water immersion ultrasound can improve the repeatability of ultrasonic measurement of dorsalis pedis artery diameter and hemodynamic parameters.

Objective: In comparing the repeatability of the internal diameter and hemodynamic parameters of the dorsalis pedis artery measured by immersion ultrasound and contact ultrasound, the factors affecting the accuracy and repeatability of measurement were analyzed. This study aimed to provide a better method for ultrasound evaluation of the dorsalis pedis artery before flap transplantation.

Methods: Two senior sonographers measured the diameter of the dorsalis pedis artery (D) of 56 healthy volunteers, measuring at the same location and at different time points using water immersion and contact ultrasound.