Aurora B regulates PP1γ-Repo-Man interactions to maintain the chromosome condensation state.

The mitotic kinase Aurora B regulates the condensation of chromatin into chromosomes by phosphorylating chromatin proteins during early mitosis, whereas the phosphatase PP1γ performs the opposite function. The roles of Aurora B and PP1γ must be tightly coordinated to maintain chromosomes at a high phosphorylation state, but the precise mechanisms regulating their function remain largely unclear. Here, mainly through immunofluorescence microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation assays, we find that dissociation of PP1γ from chromosomes is essential for maintaining chromosome phosphorylation.

The impact of technical cashew nut shell liquid on thermally-induced trans isomers in edible oils.

The effects of technical cashew nut shell liquid (TCNSL) on the trans isomerization of edible oils during heating are investigated. Edible oils were subjected to thermal treatment at various heating times and temperatures. Our results show that the addition of TCNSL to edible oils at the appropriate concentration during heating suppresses trans fatty acid formation and induces formation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers.

Reaction pathway mechanism of thermally induced isomerization of 9,12-linoleic acid triacylglycerol.

Background: To clarify the formation mechanism of trans linoleic acid isomers in edible oils during the heating process, trilinolein and trilinoelaidin, as representative oils, were placed in glass ampoules and sealed before heating at 180, 240 and 320 °C. The glass ampoules were removed at regular time intervals, and the contents were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. The samples were then subjected to derivatization into their methyl esters for gas chromatographic analysis.

TPX2 phosphorylation maintains metaphase spindle length by regulating microtubule flux.

A steady-state metaphase spindle maintains constant length, although the microtubules undergo intensive dynamics. Tubulin dimers are incorporated at plus ends of spindle microtubules while they are removed from the minus ends, resulting in poleward movement. Such microtubule flux is regulated by the microtubule rescue factors CLASPs at kinetochores and depolymerizing protein Kif2a at the poles, along with other regulators of microtubule dynamics.

Spatial Compartmentalization Specializes the Function of Aurora A and Aurora B.

Aurora kinase A and B share great similarity in sequences, structures, and phosphorylation motif, yet they show different localizations and play distinct crucial roles. The factors that determine such differences are largely unknown. Here we targeted Aurora A to the localization of Aurora B and found that Aurora A phosphorylates the substrate of Aurora B and substitutes its function in spindle checkpoint.

Impact of additives on thermally-induced trans isomers in 9c,12c linoleic acid triacylglycerol.

Trilinolein, with or without additives, was placed in glass ampoules and subjected to thermal treatment at 180 °C or 240 °C for 8h. Thermal treatment of trilinolein at 180 °C and 240 °C produced twice the amount of trans nonconjugated linoleic acids (NLAs) compared to conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs), and nitrogen stream reduced the amount of both trans NLA and CLA products. The presence of additives resulted in the suppression or induction of trans NLAs and CLAs, depending on the type of additive, the concentration of the additive, and the heating temperature.

Self-assembly and sorting of acentrosomal microtubules by TACC3 facilitate kinetochore capture during the mitotic spindle assembly.

Kinetochore capture by dynamic kinetochore microtubule fibers (K fibers) is essential for proper chromosome alignment and accurate distribution of the replicated genome during cell division. Although this capture process has been extensively studied, the mechanisms underlying the initiation of this process and the proper formation of the K fibers remain largely unknown. Here we show that transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 3 (TACC3) is essential for kinetochore capture and proper K-fiber formation in HeLa cells.