Safety of and chorioretinal circulation during repeated low-level red-light therapy for myopic children.

Background: To evaluate the safety of repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) therapy in children, and the dynamic evolution of choroidal and retinal blood flow.

Methods: This is a single-centre, randomised, single-blind, parallel-group clinical trial. Seventy myopic children were randomly assigned to either the intervention group [receiving RLRL therapy plus single-vision spectacle (SVS)] or the control group (wearing SVS).

Genotype-Phenotype of CRB1-Associated Early-Onset Retinal Dystrophy: Novel Insights on Retinal Architecture and Therapeutic Window for Clinical Trials.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of CRB1-associated early onset retinal dystrophy (CRB1-eoRD) and retinal architecture by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Methods: Eleven probands with CRB1-eoRD were recruited. Clinical information, genetic analysis, and comprehensive ophthalmic examinations including SS-OCT and SS-OCT angiography (SS-OCTA) were conducted.

Pattern of choroidal thickness in early-onset high myopia.

Purpose: To explore the etiology and choroidal thickness (ChT) pattern in children with early-onset high myopia (eoHM).

Methods: Sixty children with eoHM and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in this study between January 2019 and December 2021. All children underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations including swept-source optical coherence tomography.

Five novel dysfunctional variants in the TSPAN12 gene in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy.

Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is an inheritable vitreoretinal disease characterized by incomplete retinal vascular development, which often leads to multiple retinal complications and causes severe vision loss in children. We reported the TSPAN12 variants' frequency in a cohort of FEVR and five novel TSPAN12 variants and related clinical features in six Chinese families. Seven hundred thirty-four families' genetic in-house data were reviewed.

The Development of Electroretinographic Oscillatory Potentials in Healthy Young Children.

Purpose: This study aimed to summarize the electroretinographic oscillatory potential (OP) responses in healthy young children recorded by RETeval.

Methods: By using the RETeval system, we recorded the implicit times and amplitudes of the OPs (OP1-5), in 132 healthy children aged from 0 to 11 years old. The age, gender, and data of implicit time and amplitude of each child were recorded and analyzed.

Oral Fluorescein Angiography with Ultra-Wide-Field Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy in Pediatric Patients Precis: Oral Fluorescein Angiography in Children.

Aims: To investigate the success rate of oral fluorescein angiography (oral FA) in children with ultrawide scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) system and whether it can provide images of sufficient quality compared with intravenous FA (IVFA). Methods: In this comparative case series study, a series of 40 consecutive pediatric patients of the age of 3−18 with retinal vascular diseases, in whom FA was needed for the diagnosis or treatment, were enrolled in this study. IVFA and oral FA were performed within one week and images were obtained with the SLO system.

Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Evisceration in Trauma-Dominant Orbital Cellulitis: A 10-Year Review.

Purpose: To analyze the clinical characteristics of trauma-dominant orbital cellulitis (OC) and evaluate the risk factors associated with evisceration.

Methods: This retrospective study included inpatients diagnosed with orbital cellulitis at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center between January 2010 and December 2020. The demographic features, etiology, clinical characteristics, microbiological isolates, and risk factors associated with evisceration were analyzed.

Cytokine Profile in Aqueous Humor of Patients With Ocular Toxocariasis.

Purpose: Ocular toxocariasis (OT) is a vision-threatening disease with a largely unknown intraocular pathogenesis. Herein, we determined the cytokine expression profile in aqueous humor (AH) of patients with OT.

Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study of cytokine levels in AH of patients with OT and uveitis and control subjects.

FZD4 in a Large Chinese Population With Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy: Molecular Characteristics and Clinical Manifestations.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish a genotype-phenotype correlation of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) caused by FZD4 gene mutations.

Methods: Six hundred fifty-one probands and their family members were recruited based on a clinical diagnosis of FEVR between 2015 and 2021 at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center. Ocular examinations were performed in all participants.

NONINVASIVE DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGY OF OCULAR TOXOCARIASIS BASED ON CLINICAL FEATURES.

Purpose: To develop a noninvasive diagnostic strategy based on the clinical manifestations of ocular toxocariasis (OT) and evaluate its sensitivity and specificity.

Methods: Patients with unilateral OT-like lesions were enrolled retrospectively and classified into OT and non-OT groups according to the immunologic diagnosis criterion of anti-OT immunoglobulin G. Nine clinical manifestations were recorded and compared between the groups.

Corneal Biometric Parameters and Refractive Properties in Microcornea With Normal Axial Length.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the features of and relationships among corneal diameter, central corneal thickness (CCT), endothelial cell density (ECD), and corneal refractive properties in cases of microcornea (MC) with normal axial length.

Methods: We included 22 patients (35 eyes) with MC and cataracts and 41 patients (48 eyes) with isolated cataracts as age-matched controls. They were divided into patients with MC younger than 18 years (MC-child), patients with MC 18 years or older (MC-adult), children with congenital cataracts (CCs), and adults with senile cataracts (SCs).

αB-Crystallin Alleviates Endotoxin-Induced Retinal Inflammation and Inhibits Microglial Activation and Autophagy.

αB-Crystallin, a member of the small heat shock protein (sHSP) family, plays an immunomodulatory and neuroprotective role by inhibiting microglial activation in several diseases. However, its effect on endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) is unclear. Autophagy may be associated with microglial activation, and αB-crystallin is involved in the regulation of autophagy in some cells.

Post-traumatic endophthalmitis caused by streptococcus species in preschool children: clinical features, antibiotic susceptibilities and outcomes.

Background/objectives: Streptococcus is a common cause of post-traumatic endophthalmitis in children. This study aimed to analyse the clinical features, antibiotic susceptibilities and outcomes of traumatic endophthalmitis caused by streptococcus in preschool children.

Subjects/methods: Patients aged ≤6 years with traumatic streptococcal endophthalmitis seen at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center between January 2013 and December 2018 were included in this retrospective study.

What Is Left After Resolution of Neonatal Retinal Hemorrhage: The Longitudinal Long-term Outcome in Foveal Structure and Visual Function.

Purpose: Neonatal retinal hemorrhage (NRH) is one of the most common neonatal fundus conditions. Hemorrhage resolves spontaneously; however, its long-term outcome is unknown yet. The current study explores the long-term role of NRH in foveal structure and visual function.

New PTEN mutation identified in a patient with rare bilateral choroidal ganglioneuroma.

Background: Choroidal ganglioneuroma is an extremely rare tumor, and there is little knowledge regarding its pathogenesis. We aimed to investigate the phenotypic and genetic alterations in one sporadic patient with a rare case of bilateral choroidal ganglioneuroma.

Methods: A 6-year-old boy with histological diagnosis of bilateral ganglioneuroma was recruited for the study.

Changing Trends in Firework-Related Eye Injuries in Southern China: A 5-Year Retrospective Study of 468 Cases.

Firework-related eye injury is a horrible medical problem and creates huge health and social burdens. Herein, we explored the changing trends and demographic and clinical features of firework-related eye injury, in an effort to inform strategies to prevent this injury. We reviewed the data of 468 hospitalized patients who underwent surgery for firework-related eye injury at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center between January 2013 and December 2017.

Etiology, microbiological isolates, and antibiotic susceptibilities in culture-proven pediatric endophthalmitis: a 9-year review.

Purpose: To analyze the etiology, microbiological isolates, and antibiotic susceptibilities of endophthalmitis in pediatric patients.

Methods: Patients aged < 18 years with culture-positive endophthalmitis in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center between January 2010 and December 2018 were included retrospectively.

Results: A total of 127 patients (127 eyes) were included, and 108 (85%) had posttraumatic endophthalmitis.

Multimodal Imaging Features of Bilateral Choroidal Ganglioneuroma.

Purpose: Bilateral choroidal ganglioneuroma is extremely rare, and no cases have been described in the literature. Multimodal images are crucial for its diagnosis. Here, we evaluated multimodal images in the early stage of choroidal ganglioneuroma.

Risk Factors for Trauma-Related Eviscerations: Analysis of 821 Cases.

Evisceration is the end therapeutic approach for the treatment of severe ocular trauma cases, and it is a tremendous loss for patients. In this study, we explored the changing trends in the number of surgeries performed, demographic data and ocular features, and risks for early evisceration, aiming to provide more data for the additional prevention and management strategies for this catastrophic problem. This was a retrospective study that included patients who underwent ocular evisceration at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center between January 2013 and December 2017.

Diltiazem Promotes Regenerative Axon Growth.

Axotomy results in permanent loss of function after brain and spinal cord injuries due to the minimal regenerative propensity of the adult central nervous system (CNS). To identify pharmacological enhancers of axon regeneration, 960 compounds were screened for cortical neuron axonal regrowth using an in vitro cortical scrape assay. Diltiazem, verapamil, and bromopride were discovered to facilitate axon regeneration in rat cortical cultures, in the presence of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs).

Functional Genome-wide Screen Identifies Pathways Restricting Central Nervous System Axonal Regeneration.

Axonal regrowth is crucial for recovery from CNS injury but is severely restricted in adult mammals. We used a genome-wide loss-of-function screen for factors limiting axonal regeneration from cerebral cortical neurons in vitro. Knockdown of 16,007 individual genes identified 580 significant phenotypes.

Regulation of axonal regeneration by the level of function of the endogenous Nogo receptor antagonist LOTUS.

Axonal regeneration in the adult mammalian central nervous system is limited in part by the non-permissive environment, including axonal growth inhibitors such as the Nogo-A protein. How the functions of these inhibitors can be blocked remains unclear. Here, we examined the role of LOTUS, an endogenous Nogo receptor antagonist, in promoting functional recovery and neural repair after spinal cord injury (SCI), as well as axonal regeneration after optic nerve crush.

Intravitreal injection of docosahexaenoic acid attenuated photoreceptor cell injury in a NaIO-induced age-related macular degeneration rat model.

In most studies, the major supplement docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is administered orally or intraperitoneally. In this study, we proposed to assess the safety and efficacy of the intravitreal injection of DHA in an age-related macular degeneration (AMD) rat model. Different concentrations of DHA were injected into the vitreous body.

Roscovitine ameliorates endotoxin-induced uveitis through neutrophil apoptosis.

Neutrophils have been recognized as critical response cells during the pathogenesis of endotoxin‑induced uveitis (EIU). Apoptosis of neutrophils induced by roscovitine has previously been demonstrated to ameliorate inflammation in several in vivo models. The present study aimed to assess whether roscovitine ameliorates EIU.