High-Energy Density Pure Polyvinylidene Difluoride with the Magnetic Field Modulation of Free-Volume Pore Size and Other Microstructures.

PVDF polymer dielectrics, renowned for their ultra-high-power density, ultra-fast response times, remarkable toughness, and lightweight properties, constitute the essential material foundation for the development of dielectric capacitors. Nevertheless, the low-energy density of these dielectrics presents a challenge to the advancement of dielectric capacitors. In this paper, in the process of preparing monolayer pure PVDF dielectric films by the solution casting method, a fixed-direction magnetic field and a rotating magnetic field were introduced in the horizontal direction, respectively, and this investigation explores the impact of magnetic field modulation on the polymer films' free-volume pore size, grain size, phase structure, dielectric properties, and energy storage capabilities by altering the duration and orientation of the magnetic field's influence.

Detecting of Barely Visible Impact Damage on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Using Diffusion Ultrasonic Improved by Time-Frequency Domain Disturbance Sensitive Zone.

Based on the decorrelation calculation of diffusion ultrasound in time-frequency domain, this paper discusses the repeatability and potential significance of Disturbance Sensitive Zone (DSZ) in time-frequency domain. The experimental study of Barely Visible Impact Damage (BVID) on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) is carried out. The decorrelation coefficients of time, frequency, and time-frequency domains and DSZ are calculated and compared.

Cytoplasmatic Localization of Six1 in Male Testis and Spermatogonial Stem Cells.

Sine oculis homeobox 1 (Six1) is an important factor for embryonic development and carcinoma malignancy. However, the localization of Six1 varies due to protein size and cell types in different organs. In this study, we focus on the expression and localization of Six1 in male reproductive organ via bioinformatics analysis and immunofluorescent detection.

Effective Techniques for the Feeding and Ex Situ Culture of a Brooding Scleractinian Coral, Pocillopora acuta.

Climate change is affecting the survival, growth, and recruitment of corals globally, with large-scale shifts in abundance and community composition expected in reef ecosystems over the next several decades. Recognition of this reef degradation has prompted a range of novel research- and restoration-based active interventions. Ex situ aquaculture can play a supporting role through the establishment of robust coral culture protocols (e.

Effect of High-Entropy Spinel Ferrite (MnZrCuCaNi)FeO Doping Concentration on the Ferroelectric Properties of PVDF-Based Polymers.

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based dielectric energy storage materials have the advantages of environmental friendliness, high power density, high operating voltage, flexibility, and being light weight, and have enormous research value in the energy, aerospace, environmental protection, and medical fields. To investigate the magnetic field and the effect of high-entropy spinel ferrite (MnZrCuCaNi)FeO nanofibers (NFs) on the structural, dielectric, and energy storage properties of PVDF-based polymers, (MnZrCuCaNi)FeO NFs were prepared via the use of electrostatic spinning methods, and (MnZrCuCaNi)FeO/PVDF composite films were prepared via the use of the coating method. The effects of a 0.

Magnetic Field Effects on the Structure, Dielectric and Energy Storage Properties of High-Entropy Spinel Ferrite (LaCeMnZrCuCaNi)FeO/PVDF Nanocomposites.

Energy depletion is one of the significant threats to global development. To increase the usability of clean energy, the energy storage performance of dielectric materials must be urgently enhanced. Semicrystalline ferroelectric polymer (PVDF) is the most promising candidate for the next generation of flexible dielectric materials thanks to its relatively high energy storage density.

Targeting APLN/APJ restores blood-testis barrier and improves spermatogenesis in murine and human diabetic models.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases presenting with systemic pathologies, including reproductive disorders in male diabetic patients. However, the molecular mechanisms that contributing to spermatogenesis dysfunction in diabetic patients have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we perform STRT-seq to examine the transcriptome of diabetic patients' testes at single-cell resolution including all major cell types of the testis.

A Review of Radio Frequency Identification Sensing Systems for Structural Health Monitoring.

Structural health monitoring (SHM) plays a critical role in ensuring the safety of large-scale structures during their operational lifespan, such as pipelines, railways and buildings. In the last few years, radio frequency identification (RFID) combined with sensors has attracted increasing interest in SHM for the advantages of being low cost, passive and maintenance-free. Numerous scientific papers have demonstrated the great potential of RFID sensing technology in SHM, e.

NiP nanowire arrays grown on Ni foam as an efficient monolithic cocatalyst for visible light dye-sensitized H evolution.

Nanostructured H evolution cocatalysts are able to promote charge separation and thus enhance the efficiency of the photocatalytic H evolution reaction (HER). However, the nanosized cocatalyst particles are easily detached from the surfaces of semiconductors or severely aggregated in reaction systems, which not only greatly reduces the photocatalytic HER efficiency during long-term use but also greatly increases the difficulty of recovery. Moreover, powdery cocatalysts have poor compatibility with the scale-up photoelectrochemical devices.

Effects of Cosmetic Emulsions on the Surface Properties of Mongolian Hair.

In the light of clean beauty and sustainability requirements emerging in the personal care market, the urgent need for the replacement of silicones in hair conditioners-with comparable performance and customer experience-has been highlighted in the industry. In this context, the goal of the present study was to investigate the physical effects of different silicone-free conditioner formulations on Mongolian hair after damage due to bleaching and compare the results to property changes induced by a classical silicone-containing formulation. To that end, the morphology, structure, and composition of strands and individual fibers of this hair type were characterized before and after bleaching by means of optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Cell-fate transition and determination analysis of mouse male germ cells throughout development.

Mammalian male germ cell development is a stepwise cell-fate transition process; however, the full-term developmental profile of male germ cells remains undefined. Here, by interrogating the high-precision transcriptome atlas of 11,598 cells covering 28 critical time-points, we demonstrate that cell-fate transition from mitotic to post-mitotic primordial germ cells is accompanied by transcriptome-scale reconfiguration and a transitional cell state. Notch signaling pathway is essential for initiating mitotic arrest and the maintenance of male germ cells' identities.

The chromatin accessibility landscape reveals distinct transcriptional regulation in the induction of human primordial germ cell-like cells from pluripotent stem cells.

In vitro induction of human primordial germ cell-like cells (hPGCLCs) provides an ideal platform to recapitulate hPGC development. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms regulating the induction of hPGCLCs remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we profiled the chromatin accessibility and transcriptome dynamics throughout the process of hPGCLC induction.

Deciphering the autophagy regulatory network via single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals a requirement for autophagy homeostasis in spermatogenesis.

Autophagy has been implicated as a crucial component in spermatogenesis, and autophagy dysfunction can lead to reproductive disorders in animal models, including yeast, and mice. However, the sophisticated transcriptional networks of autophagic genes throughout human spermatogenesis and their biological significance remain largely uncharacterized. We profiled the transcriptional signatures of autophagy-related genes during human spermatogenesis by assessing specimens from nine fertile controls (including two normal persons and seven obstructive azoospermia (OA) patients) and one nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) patient using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis.

Efficient generation of human primordial germ cell-like cells from pluripotent stem cells in a methylcellulose-based 3D system at large scale.

Background: The mechanisms underlying human germ cell development and infertility remain largely unknown due to bioethical issues and the shortage of experimental materials. Therefore, an effective in vitro induction system of human primordial germ-like cells (hPGCLCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) is in high demand. The current strategies used for the generation of hPGCLCs are not only costly but also difficult to perform at a large scale, thereby posing barriers to further research.

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Analysis Reveals Sequential Cell Fate Transition during Human Spermatogenesis.

Spermatogenesis generates mature male gametes and is critical for the proper transmission of genetic information between generations. However, the developmental landscapes of human spermatogenesis remain unknown. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis for 2,854 testicular cells from donors with normal spermatogenesis and 174 testicular cells from one nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) donor.

The guanine nucleotide exchange factor Net1 facilitates the specification of dorsal cell fates in zebrafish embryos by promoting maternal β-catenin activation.

Wnt/β-catenin signaling is essential for the initiation of dorsal-ventral patterning during vertebrate embryogenesis. Maternal β-catenin accumulates in dorsal marginal nuclei during cleavage stages, but its critical target genes essential for dorsalization are silent until mid-blastula transition (MBT). Here, we find that zebrafish net1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, is specifically expressed in dorsal marginal blastomeres after MBT, and acts as a zygotic factor to promote the specification of dorsal cell fates.

Fscn1 is required for the trafficking of TGF-β family type I receptors during endoderm formation.

Microtubules function in TGF-β signalling by facilitating the cytoplasmic trafficking of internalized receptors and the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Smads. However, nothing is known about whether actin filaments are required for these processes. Here we report that zebrafish actin-bundling protein fscn1a is highly expressed in mesendodermal precursors and its expression is directly regulated by the TGF-β superfamily member Nodal.

The Chromatin Remodeling Protein Bptf Promotes Posterior Neuroectodermal Fate by Enhancing Smad2-Activated wnt8a Expression.

During vertebrate embryogenesis, the neuroectoderm is induced from dorsal ectoderm and then partitioned into anterior and posterior neuroectodermal domains by posteriorizing signals, such as Wnt and fibroblast growth factor. However, little is known about epigenetic regulation of posteriorizing gene expression. Here, we report a requirement of the chromatin remodeling protein Bptf for neuroectodermal posteriorization in zebrafish embryos.

The inhibitory effect of IFN-γ on protease HTRA1 expression in rheumatoid arthritis.

The high temperature requirement A1 (HTRA1) is a potent protease involved in many diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the regulatory mechanisms that control HTRA1 expression need to be determined. In this study, we demonstrated that IFN-γ significantly inhibited the basal and LPS-induced HTRA1 expression in fibroblasts and macrophages, which are two major cells for HTRA1 production in RA.

Lipopolysaccharide increases the incidence of collagen-induced arthritis in mice through induction of protease HTRA-1 expression.

Objective: The protease HTRA-1 is closely associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The molecular mechanisms that control HTRA-1 expression are currently unknown. This study was undertaken to determine the regulatory role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on HTRA-1 expression in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and in synovial cells from RA patients.

[The Nodal regulated dusp4 inhibits mesendoderm formation during zebrafish gastrulation].

MAP kinase phosphatase-2 (MKP-2/DUSP4), a dual specificity protein phosphatase with tyrosine/serine/ threonine phosphatase activity, is associated with cellular proliferation and differentiation, but its functions during embryo development are unclear. To study the developmental function of dusp4, we first examined the spatiotemporal expression pattern of this gene during zebrafish embryonic development by whole mount in situ hybridization. We found that dusp4 was maternally expressed since its transcripts were present from the one-cell to the 256-cell stages.

Global identification of SMAD2 target genes reveals a role for multiple co-regulatory factors in zebrafish early gastrulas.

Nodal and Smad2/3 signals play pivotal roles in mesendoderm induction and axis determination during late blastulation and early gastrulation in vertebrate embryos. However, Smad2/3 direct target genes during those critical developmental stages have not been systematically identified. Here, through ChIP-chip assay, we show that the promoter/enhancer regions of 679 genes are bound by Smad2 in the zebrafish early gastrulas.

Grhl2 deficiency impairs otic development and hearing ability in a zebrafish model of the progressive dominant hearing loss DFNA28.

Congenital and progressive hearing impairment is a common distressing disease. The progressive dominant hearing loss DFNA28 in human is associated with a frameshift mutation of Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) but its etiology and mechanism remain unknown. Here we report a zebrafish grhl2b(T086) mutant line in which grhl2b expression is interrupted by an insertion of a Tol2 transposon element.

Synthesis of ZnFe2O4/SiO2 composites derived from a diatomite template.

A novel porous ZnFe2O4/SiO2 composite product has been generated with a template-directed assembly method from porous diatomite under different synthesis conditions, such as precursor concentrations (metallic nitrates), calcination temperature and diatomite type. The phase composition and morphology of all the materials were examined by x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicated that an inherited hierarchical porous structure from the diatomite template can be obtained, and the synthesis conditions were found to have clear effects on the formation of the ZnFe2O4/SiO2 composite.