Innovative utilization of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles in precision cancer therapy.

Cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (CMNPs) have recently emerged as a promising platform for cancer therapy. By encapsulating therapeutic agents within a cell membrane-derived coating, these nanoparticles combine the advantages of synthetic nanoparticles and natural cell membranes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in utilizing CMNPs as effective drug delivery vehicles for cancer therapy.

Segmenting medical images with limited data.

While computer vision has proven valuable for medical image segmentation, its application faces challenges such as limited dataset sizes and the complexity of effectively leveraging unlabeled images. To address these challenges, we present a novel semi-supervised, consistency-based approach termed the data-efficient medical segmenter (DEMS). The DEMS features an encoder-decoder architecture and incorporates the developed online automatic augmenter (OAA) and residual robustness enhancement (RRE) blocks.

CECT: Controllable ensemble CNN and transformer for COVID-19 image classification.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in hundreds of million cases and numerous deaths worldwide. Here, we develop a novel classification network CECT by controllable ensemble convolutional neural network and transformer to provide a timely and accurate COVID-19 diagnosis. The CECT is composed of a parallel convolutional encoder block, an aggregate transposed-convolutional decoder block, and a windowed attention classification block.

GSDA: Generative adversarial network-based semi-supervised data augmentation for ultrasound image classification.

Medical Ultrasound (US) is one of the most widely used imaging modalities in clinical practice, but its usage presents unique challenges such as variable imaging quality. Deep Learning (DL) models can serve as advanced medical US image analysis tools, but their performance is greatly limited by the scarcity of large datasets. To solve the common data shortage, we develop GSDA, a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based semi-supervised data augmentation method.

Recent progress in transformer-based medical image analysis.

The transformer is primarily used in the field of natural language processing. Recently, it has been adopted and shows promise in the computer vision (CV) field. Medical image analysis (MIA), as a critical branch of CV, also greatly benefits from this state-of-the-art technique.

Tumor necroptosis-mediated shedding of cell surface proteins promotes metastasis of breast cancer by suppressing anti-tumor immunity.

Necroptosis is a form of regulated necrosis and is executed by MLKL when MLKL is engaged in triggering the rupture of cell plasma membrane. MLKL activation also leads to the protease, ADAMs-mediated ectodomain shedding of cell surface proteins of necroptotic cells. Tumor necroptosis often happens in advanced solid tumors, and blocking necroptosis by MLKL deletion in breast cancer dramatically reduces tumor metastasis.

Investigation on an outbreak of cutaneous anthrax in a county of Shandong Province, China, 2021.

Background: In order to verify the existence of an anthrax outbreak, determine its scope, grasp the epidemiological characteristics and find out the cause of the outbreak and recommend preventive and control measures.

Methods: Etiological hypothesis was developed through descriptive epidemiological methods. Hypotheses were tested by analyzing epidemiological methods by comparing the differences in the incidence of different exposure types.

The Prediction of Enterprise Stock Change Trend by Deep Neural Network Model.

This study aims to accurately predict the changing trend of stocks in stock trading so that company investors can obtain higher returns. In building a financial forecasting model, historical data and learned parameters are used to predict future stock prices. Firstly, the relevant theories of stock forecasting are discussed, and problems in stock forecasting are raised.

ZBP1 not RIPK1 mediates tumor necroptosis in breast cancer.

Tumor necrosis happens commonly in advanced solid tumors. We reported that necroptosis plays a major role in tumor necrosis. Although several key necroptosis regulators including receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) have been identified, the regulation of tumor necroptosis during tumor development remains elusive.

G3BP1 Inhibition Alleviates Intracellular Nucleic Acid-Induced Autoimmune Responses.

The detection of intracellular nucleic acids is a fundamental mechanism of host defense against infections. The dysregulated nucleic acid sensing, however, is a major cause for a number of autoimmune diseases. In this study, we report that GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) is critical for both intracellular DNA- and RNA-induced immune responses.

Acetylation Blocks cGAS Activity and Inhibits Self-DNA-Induced Autoimmunity.

The presence of DNA in the cytoplasm is normally a sign of microbial infections and is quickly detected by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) to elicit anti-infection immune responses. However, chronic activation of cGAS by self-DNA leads to severe autoimmune diseases for which no effective treatment is available yet. Here we report that acetylation inhibits cGAS activation and that the enforced acetylation of cGAS by aspirin robustly suppresses self-DNA-induced autoimmunity.

G3BP1 promotes DNA binding and activation of cGAS.

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a key sensor responsible for cytosolic DNA detection. Here we report that GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) is critical for DNA sensing and efficient activation of cGAS. G3BP1 enhanced DNA binding of cGAS by promoting the formation of large cGAS complexes.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus NADC30-like strain accelerates Streptococcus suis serotype 2 infection in vivo and in vitro.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), an economically significant pandemic disease, commonly results in increased impact of bacterial infections, including those by Streptococcus suis (S. suis). In recent years, PRRS virus (PRRSV) NADC30-like strain has emerged in different regions of China, and coinfected with S.

RINCK-mediated monoubiquitination of cGAS promotes antiviral innate immune responses.

Background: As an important danger signal, the presence of DNA in cytoplasm triggers potent immune responses. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a recently characterized key sensor for cytoplasmic DNA. The engagement of cGAS with DNA leads to the synthesis of a second messenger, cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), which binds and activates the downstream adaptor protein STING to promote type I interferon production.

NLRP3 Phosphorylation Is an Essential Priming Event for Inflammasome Activation.

Many infections and stress signals can rapidly activate the NLRP3 inflammasome to elicit robust inflammatory responses. This activation requires a priming step, which is thought to be mainly for upregulating NLRP3 transcription. However, recent studies report that the NLRP3 inflammasome can be activated independently of transcription, suggesting that the priming process has unknown essential regulatory steps.

SUMOylated NKAP is essential for chromosome alignment by anchoring CENP-E to kinetochores.

Chromosome alignment is required for accurate chromosome segregation. Chromosome misalignment can result in genomic instability and tumorigenesis. Here, we show that NF-κB activating protein (NKAP) is critical for chromosome alignment through anchoring CENP-E to kinetochores.

Dysregulation of the miR-324-5p-CUEDC2 axis leads to macrophage dysfunction and is associated with colon cancer.

CUEDC2, a CUE-domain-containing protein, modulates inflammation, but its involvement in tumorigenesis is still poorly understood. Here, we report that CUEDC2 is a key regulator of macrophage function and critical for protection against colitis-associated tumorigenesis. CUEDC2 expression is dramatically upregulated during macrophage differentiation, and CUEDC2 deficiency results in excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines.

Glutathione peroxidase-1 is required for self-renewal of murine embryonic stem cells.

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells that are capable of giving rise to any type of cells in the body and possess unlimited self-renewal potential. However, the exact regulatory mechanisms that govern the self-renewal ability of ES cells remain elusive. To understand the immediate early events during ES cell differentiation, we performed a proteomics study and analyzed the proteomic difference in murine ES cells before and after a 6-h spontaneous differentiation.

Whole-Genome Sequencing of Lactobacillus shenzhenensis Strain LY-73T.

Lactobacillus shenzhenensis strain LY-73(T) is a novel species which was first isolated from fermented goods. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Lactobacillus shenzhenensis LY-73(T).