Circulating tumor cell clustering modulates RNA splicing and polyadenylation to facilitate metastasis.

Circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters exhibit significantly higher metastatic potential compared to single CTCs. However, the underlying mechanism behind this phenomenon remains unclear, and the role of posttranscriptional RNA regulation in CTC clusters has not been explored. Here, we conducted a comparative analysis of alternative splicing (AS) and alternative polyadenylation (APA) profiles between single CTCs and CTC clusters.

Single-cell transcriptomics of peripheral blood reveals anti-tumor systemic immunity induced by oncolytic virotherapy.

Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy as a cancer therapy that improves immune status makes it a favorable candidate for optimizing immunotherapy strategies. Existing studies have focused on characterizing the disturbance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) by OV therapy. However, the changes in systemic immunity induced by OV were largely ignored, which would prevent the further understanding and optimization of oncolytic viruses.

SIRPα antibody combined with oncolytic virus OH2 protects against tumours by activating innate immunity and reprogramming the tumour immune microenvironment.

Background: The combination of oncolytic viruses (OVs) with immune checkpoint blockades is a research hotspot and has shown good efficacy. Here, we present the first attempt to combine oncolytic herpes simplex virus 2 (OH2) with an anti-SIRPα antibody as an antitumour treatment. Our results provide unique insight into the combination of innate immunity with OV.

Telomerase positive CTCs with PSMA high expression associated with prostate cancer metastasis.

Background: Whether circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) high expression was related to the metastatic progress in prostate cancer (PCa) remains explored. This study aimed to provide evidence to elucidate this relationship via the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT)-based CTC detection method.

Methods: A total of 71 patients were enrolled and divided into the local PCa group (n=44) and metastatic PCa group (n=27).

Establishment of gastric signet ring cell carcinoma organoid for the therapeutic drug testing.

Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) has specific oncogenesis and phenotypic and treatment resistance heterogeneity. Systemic therapies are often ineffective, and predictive biomarkers to guide treatment are urgently needed. Tumor organoids have recently emerged as an ideal model for drug testing and screening.

Barriers and Strategies: A Review of Access to Affordable Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Medication in China.

This study analyzed the barriers of patient access to affordable MDR-TB medication in China and the reasons behind, and proposed strategies towards removing the barriers based on literature review and key informant interviews. Reasons behind the high financial burden of MDR-TB patients in China are the lack of a coordinated and multi-sourced financing model to secure patients' access to the expensive novel medicines, and the absence of the safety-net for the patients with low ability to pay the costs. Appropriate health insurance benefit packages and provider payment mechanisms, supportive legal framework, coordinated policies as well as incentives for off-label use of evidence-based repurposed medicines are missing.