Mechanism for Adsorption, Dissociation, and Diffusion of Hydrogen in High-Entropy Alloy AlCrTiNiV: First-Principles Calculation.

To investigate hydrogen behaviors in the high-entropy alloy AlCrTiNiV, density functional theory and transition state theory were used to explore the molecular H2 absorption and dissociation and the atomic H adsorption, diffusion, and penetration progress. The H2 molecule, where the H-H band is parallel to the surface layer, is more inclined to absorb on the top site of the Ti atom site of first atomic layer on the AlCrTiNiV surface, then diffuse into the hollow sites, through the bridge site, after dissociating into two H atoms. Atomic H is more likely to be absorbed on the hollow site.

The cores regulation of paraffin-chitosan phase change microcapsules for constant temperature building.

Phase change materials (PCMs) can store and release latent heat under the designed phased change temperature and have received substantial interest for energy conservation and thermal control purposes. The use of PCMs in the construction of constant temperature buildings can improve the comfortable environment and save more energy. However, the leakage of PCMs during phase change process limits the application of PCMs.

Ultrafine CoRu alloy nanoclusters densely anchored on Nitrogen-Doped graphene nanotubes for a highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction.

Designing highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) is essential to the production of green and renewable hydrogen. Metal-organic framework (MOF) precursor strategies are promising for the design of excellent electrocatalysts because of their porous architectures and adjustable compositions. In this study, a hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) nanowire was developed as a precursor and template for the controllable and scalable synthesis of CoRu-MOF nanotubes.

Intrabasal Plane Defect Formation in NiFe Layered Double Hydroxides Enabling Efficient Electrochemical Water Oxidation.

Defect engineering has proven to be one of the most effective approaches for the design of high-performance electrocatalysts. Current methods to create defects typically follow a top-down strategy, cutting down the pristine materials into fragmented pieces with surface defects yet also heavily destroying the framework of materials that imposes restrictions on the further improvements in catalytic activity. Herein, we describe a bottom-up strategy to prepare free-standing NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoplatelets with abundant internal defects by controlling their growth behavior in acidic conditions.

Synthesis and chemiluminescent characteristics of two new acridinium esters.

Two new acridinium esters with a 2-(succinimidyloxycarbonyl)ethyl side arm, namely, 9-(2,6-dibromophenoxycarbonyl)-10-methyl-2-(2-(succinimidyloxycarbonyl)ethyl)acridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate and 9-(4-(2-(succinimidyloxycarbonyl)ethyl)phenoxycarbonyl)-2,7-dimethoxy-10-methylacridinium triflate, have been produced and characterized. The chemiluminescent properties and hydrolytic stabilities of the new acridinium esters have been investigated.

Three-way contact analysis characterizes the higher order organization of the Tcra locus.

The generation of highly diverse antigen receptors in T and B lymphocytes relies on V(D)J recombination. The enhancer Eα has been implicated in regulating the accessibility of Vα and Jα genes through long-range interactions during rearrangements of the T-cell antigen receptor gene Tcra. However, direct evidence for Eα physically mediating the interaction of Vα and Jα genes is still lacking.

Synthesis, structure elucidation, and chemiluminescent activity of new 9-substituted 10-(ω-(succinimidyloxycarbonyl)alkyl)acridinium esters.

Several new acridinium esters 2-9 having their central acridinium ring bearing a 9-(2,5-dimethylphenoxycarbonyl), 9-(2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenoxycarbonyl) or 9-(2,6-dinitrophenoxycarbonyl) group, and a 10-methyl, 10-(3-(succinimidyloxycarbonyl)propyl), 10-(5-(succinimidyloxycarbonyl)pentyl), or 10-(10-(succinimidyloxycarbonyl)decyl) group, have been synthesized and their chemiluminescent properties have been tested. The 2,5-dimethylphenyl acridinium esters emit light slowly (glow) when treated with alkaline hydrogen peroxide, while the 2,6-dinitrophenyl and 2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl esters emit light rapidly (flash). The substituent at the 10 position affects the hydrolytic stabilities of the compounds.

Impact of Visit-to-Visit Triglyceride-Glucose Index Variability on the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly.

Background: The aging population is increasingly susceptible to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Visit-to-visit variability in glucose and lipid levels both contributed to CVD risk independent of their mean values. However, whether variability in the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a risk factor for CVD remains unknown.

Chromatin organizer SATB1 controls the cell identity of CD4 CD8 double-positive thymocytes by regulating the activity of super-enhancers.

CD4 and CD8 double-positive (DP) thymocytes play a crucial role in T cell development in the thymus. DP cells rearrange the T cell receptor gene Tcra to generate T cell receptors with TCRβ. DP cells differentiate into CD4 or CD8 single-positive (SP) thymocytes, regulatory T cells, or invariant nature kill T cells (iNKT) in response to TCR signaling.

"Tree-Trunk" Design for Flexible Quasi-Solid-State Electrolytes with Hierarchical Ion-Channels Enabling Ultralong-Life Lithium-Metal Batteries.

The construction of robust (quasi)-solid-state electrolyte (SSE) for flexible lithium-metal batteries is desirable but extremely challenging. Herein, a novel, flexible, and robust quasi-solid-state electrolyte (QSSE) with a "tree-trunk" design is reported for ultralong-life lithium-metal batteries (LMBs). An in-situ-grown metal-organic framework (MOF) layer covers the cellulose-based framework to form hierarchical ion-channels, enabling rapid ionic transfer kinetics and excellent durability.

Bioinspired Tough Solid-State Electrolyte for Flexible Ultralong-Life Zinc-Air Battery.

Manufacturing advanced solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) for flexible rechargeable batteries becomes increasingly important but remains grand challenge. The sophisticated structure of robust animal dermis and good water-retention of plant cell in nature grant germane inspirations for designing high-performance SSEs. Herein, tough bioinspired SSEs with intrinsic hydroxide ion (OH ) conduction are constructed by in situ formation of OH conductive ionomer network within a hollow-polymeric-microcapsule-decorated hydrogel polymer network.

Achieve Stable Lithium Metal Anode by Sulfurized-Polyacrylonitrile Modified Separator for High-Performance Lithium Batteries.

To develop a high-energy-density lithium battery, there still are several severe challenges for Li metal anode: low Coulombic efficiency caused by its high chemical reactivity, Li dendrite formation, and "dead" Li accumulation during repeated plating/stripping processes. Especially, lithium dendrite growth imposes inferior cycling stability and serious safety issues. Herein, we propose a facile but effective strategy to suppress lithium dendrite growth through an artificial inorganic-polymer protective layer derived from sulfurized polyacrylonitrile on a polyethylene separator.

Macrophage NFATc3 prevents foam cell formation and atherosclerosis: evidence and mechanisms.

Aims: Our previous study demonstrated that Ca2+ influx through the Orai1 store-operated Ca2+ channel in macrophages contributes to foam cell formation and atherosclerosis via the calcineurin-ASK1 pathway, not the classical calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT) pathway. Moreover, up-regulation of NFATc3 in macrophages inhibits foam cell formation, suggesting that macrophage NFATc3 is a negative regulator of atherogenesis. Hence, this study investigated the precise role of macrophage NFATc3 in atherogenesis.

Promotional effect of ZrO and WO on bimetallic Pt-Pd diesel oxidation catalyst.

Diesel oxidation catalysts Pt-Pd-(y)ZrO-(z)WO/CeZrO-AlO with total Pt & Pd loading of only 0.68 wt.% were prepared and investigated for oxidation activity and stability of CO, CH, and NO.

Phase separation of Epstein-Barr virus EBNA2 protein reorganizes chromatin topology for epigenetic regulation.

Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) is a transactivator of viral and cellular gene expression, which plays a critical role in the Epstein-Barr virus-associated diseases. It was reported that EBNA2 regulates gene expression by reorganizing chromatin and manipulating epigenetics. Recent studies showed that liquid-liquid phase separation plays an essential role in epigenetic and transcriptional regulation.

Downregulation by CNNM2 of ATP5MD expression in the 10q24.32 schizophrenia-associated locus involved in impaired ATP production and neurodevelopment.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have accelerated the discovery of numerous genetic variants associated with schizophrenia. However, most risk variants show a small effect size (odds ratio (OR) <1.2), suggesting that more functional risk variants remain to be identified.

The role of chromatin organizer Satb1 in shaping TCR repertoire in adult thymus.

T cells recognize the universe of foreign antigens with a diverse repertoire of T cell receptors generated by V(D)J recombination. Special AT-rich binding protein 1 (Satb1) is a chromatin organizer that plays an essential role in T cell development. Previous study has shown that Satb1 regulates the re-induction of recombinase Rag1 and Rag2 in CD4CD8 thymocytes, affecting the secondary rearrangement of the gene.

Faradaic Electrodes Open a New Era for Capacitive Deionization.

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging desalination technology for effective removal of ionic species from aqueous solutions. Compared to conventional CDI, which is based on carbon electrodes and struggles with high salinity streams due to a limited salt removal capacity by ion electrosorption and excessive co-ion expulsion, the emerging Faradaic electrodes provide unique opportunities to upgrade the CDI performance, i.e.

A review of composite solid-state electrolytes for lithium batteries: fundamentals, key materials and advanced structures.

All-solid-state lithium ion batteries (ASSLBs) are considered next-generation devices for energy storage due to their advantages in safety and potentially high energy density. As the key component in ASSLBs, solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) with non-flammability and good adaptability to lithium metal anodes have attracted extensive attention in recent years. Among the current SSEs, composite solid-state electrolytes (CSSEs) with multiple phases have greater flexibility to customize and combine the advantages of single-phase electrolytes, which have been widely investigated recently and regarded as promising candidates for commercial ASSLBs.

A role of the CTCF binding site at enhancer Eα in the dynamic chromatin organization of the Tcra-Tcrd locus.

The regulation of T cell receptor Tcra gene rearrangement has been extensively studied. The enhancer Eα plays an essential role in Tcra rearrangement by establishing a recombination centre in the Jα array and a chromatin hub for interactions between Vα and Jα genes. But the mechanism of the Eα and its downstream CTCF binding site (here named EACBE) in dynamic chromatin regulation is unknown.

Deep-Breathing Honeycomb-like Co-N-C Nanopolyhedron Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zn-Air Batteries.

Metal organic framework (MOF) derivatives have been extensively used as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts. However, the utilization of active sites is still not satisfactory owing to the sluggish mass transport within their narrow pore channels. Herein, interconnected macroporous channels were constructed inside MOFs-derived Co-N-C electrocatalyst to unblock the mass transfer barrier.

HiCoP, a simple and robust method for detecting interactions of regulatory regions.

Background: Chromatin physical interactions provide essential information for understanding the regulation of cis-elements like enhancers, promoters, and insulators in cell development and differentiation. The Hi-C assay is a technique detecting chromatin structures of the whole genome, but not sensitive to interactions of regulatory elements. Several methods, like HiChIP, DNase-C, and OCEAN-C, have been developed for enriching interactions of regulatory regions, but all of them have some shortcomings.

Effects of WO and SiO doping on CeO-TiO catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia.

A series of CeO-WO/SiO-TiO (CeW TiSi ) catalysts with different loading amounts of WO were synthesized by wet co-impregnation of ammonium metatungstate and cerium nitrate on a SiO-TiO support, and were employed for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO by NH. The catalytic activity of the CeO/SiO-TiO (CeSiTi) catalyst was enhanced by the addition of WO, and the W-containing catalysts showed higher hydrothermal stability especially between 550 and 600 °C. The introduction of WO to the CeSiTi catalyst could produce more chemisorbed oxygen species, reducible subsurface oxygen species, acid sites and ad-NO species.

A linear-amplification VDJ-seq technique for quantification of immunoglobulin and T cell receptor diversity.

The V(D)J recombination is essential for generating a highly diverse repertoire of antigen receptors expressed on T and B lymphocytes. Here, we developed a linear-amplification VDJ-seq technique for quantifying V(D)J recombination of antigen receptor genes. This technique takes advantage of linear amplification using in vitro transcription and reverse transcription to avoid bias generated by the PCR amplification of low copy number of target DNA.