STING-Activating Polymers Boost Lymphatic Delivery of mRNA Vaccine to Potentiate Cancer Immunotherapy.

The unprecedented success of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 has inspired scientists to develop mRNA vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. However, using nucleoside modified mRNA as vaccine, though evading innate immune toxicity, diminishes its therapeutic efficacy for cancers. Here, we report a polyvalent stimulator of interferon genes (STING) activating polymer (termed as PD) to bolster the immunogenicity of mRNA vaccine.

[Application of ion chromatographic fingerprint analysis for quality evaluation of tobacco flavors].

Tobacco flavor, an important tobacco additive, is an essential raw material in cigarette production that can effectively improve the quality of tobacco products, add aroma and taste, and increase the suction flavor. The quality consistency of tobacco flavors affects the quality stability of branded cigarettes. Therefore, the quality control of tobacco flavors is a major concern for cigarette and flavor manufacturers.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Zinc Finger Protein Gene Subfamilies under Drought Stress in .

The zinc finger protein (ZFP) family is one of plants' most diverse family of transcription factors. These proteins with finger-like structural domains have been shown to play a critical role in plant responses to abiotic stresses such as drought. This study aimed to systematically characterize ZFPs (TaZFPs) and understand their roles under drought stress.

How Biochar Derived from Pond Cypress () Evolved with Pyrolysis Temperature and Time and Their End Efficacy Evaluation.

Biomass type, pyrolysis temperature, and duration can affect biochar properties simultaneously. To further clarify the mechanism of this interaction, the branch and leaf parts of Pond cypress () were separately pyrolyzed at four peak temperatures (350 °C, 450 °C, 650 °C, and 750 °C) for three different durations (0.5 h, 1 h, and 2 h) in this study.

Comparative genomic analysis of the genus Marinomonas and taxonomic study of Marinomonas algarum sp. nov., isolated from red algae Gelidium amansii.

Members of the genus Marinomonas are known for their environmental adaptation and metabolically versatility, with abundant proteins associated with antifreeze, osmotic pressure resistance, carbohydrase and multiple secondary metabolites. Comparative genomic analysis focusing on secondary metabolites and orthologue proteins was conducted with 30 reference genome sequences in the genus Marinomonas. In this study, a Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and strictly aerobic bacterium, designated as strain E8, was isolated from the red algae (Gelidium amansii) in the coastal of Weihai, China.

Deficient Mice Recapitulate Craniofacial Phenotype and Reveal Developmental Basis of -Related Frontonasal Dysplasia.

Loss of ALX1 function causes the frontonasal dysplasia syndrome FND3, characterized by severe facial clefting and microphthalmia. Whereas the laboratory mouse has been the preeminent animal model for studying developmental mechanisms of human craniofacial birth defects, the roles of ALX1 in mouse frontonasal development have not been well characterized because the only previously reported mutant mouse line exhibited acrania due to a genetic background-dependent failure of cranial neural tube closure. Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, we have generated an mouse model that recapitulates the FND craniofacial malformations, including median orofacial clefting and disruption of development of the eyes and alae nasi hybridization analysis showed that is strongly expressed in frontonasal neural crest cells that give rise to periocular and frontonasal mesenchyme.

Using green alga Haematococcus pluvialis for astaxanthin and lipid co-production: Advances and outlook.

Astaxanthin is one of the secondary carotenoids involved in mediating abiotic stress of microalgae. As an important antioxidant and nutraceutical compound, astaxanthin is widely applied in dietary supplements and cosmetic ingredients. However, most astaxanthin in the market is chemically synthesized, which are structurally heterogeneous and inefficient for biological uptake.

Tissue-specific analysis of Fgf18 gene function in palate development.

Background: Previous studies showed that mice lacking Fgf18 function had cleft palate defects and that the FGF18 locus was associated with cleft lip and palate in humans, but what specific roles Fgf18 plays during palatogenesis are unclear.

Results: We show that Fgf18 exhibits regionally restricted expression in developing palatal shelves, mandible, and tongue, during palatal outgrowth and fusion in mouse embryos. Tissue-specific inactivation of Fgf18 throughout neural crest-derived craniofacial mesenchyme caused shortened mandible and reduction in ossification of the frontal, nasal, and anterior cranial base skeletal elements in Fgf18 ;Wnt1-Cre mutant mice.

How the diversity of the faces arises.

Background: The evolution of the face is crucial for each species to adapt to different diets, environments, and in some species, to promote social interaction. The diversity in the shapes of the face results from divergence in the process of facial development that begins during early embryonic development.

Highlights: Here we review the recent advancements in the understanding of the genetic, epigenetic, molecular, and cellular basis of facial diversity.

Sox2 maintains epithelial cell proliferation in the successional dental lamina.

Objectives: The successional dental lamina is the distinctive structure on the lingual side of the vertebrate tooth germ. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among Sox2, Claudin10 and laminin5 and the role of Sox2 in successional dental lamina proliferation during vertebrate tooth development.

Materials And Methods: To understand the successional dental lamina, two types of successional tooth formation, that in geckos (with multiple rounds of tooth generation) and that in mice (with only one round of tooth generation), were analysed.

Cis-control of Six1 expression in neural crest cells during craniofacial development.

Background: Six1 is a transcriptional factor that plays an important role in embryonic development. Mouse and chick embryos deficient for Six1 have multiple craniofacial anomalies in the facial bones and cartilages. Multiple Six1 enhancers have been identified, but none of them has been reported to be active in the maxillary and mandibular process.

Comparison of biofilm formation and migration of Streptococcus mutans on tooth roots and titanium miniscrews.

Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are inflammatory diseases caused by periodontal pathogenic bacteria leading to destruction of supporting periodontal/peri-implant tissue. However, the progression of inflammatory process of these two diseases is different. The bacterial biofilm is the source of bacteria during the inflammatory process.

Altered tooth morphogenesis after silencing the planar cell polarity core component, Vangl2.

Vangl2, one of the core components of the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, has an important role in the regulation of morphogenesis in several tissues. Although the expression of Vangl2 has been detected in the developing tooth, its role in tooth morphogenesis is not known. In this study, we show that Vangl2 is expressed in the inner dental epithelium (IDE) and in the secondary enamel knots (SEKs) of bell stage tooth germs.

[Investigation and analysis of neonate deformity in water arsenic exposure areas].

Objective: To explore the level and feature of neonate deformity in water arsenic exposure areas, as to finding out an evidence for the study and prevention of the arsenic exposure.

Methods: The birth situation of neonate was surveyed from 1998 to 2004 in water arsenic exposure areas according to cross-sectional survey. The results were classified in accordance with ICD-10 and common surveillance of china.

Arsenic and fluoride exposure in drinking water: children's IQ and growth in Shanyin county, Shanxi province, China.

Background: Recently, in a cross-sectional study of 201 children in Araihazar, Bangladesh, exposure to arsenic (As) in drinking water has been shown to lower the scores on tests that measure children's intellectual function before and after adjustment for sociodemographic features.

Objectives: We investigated the effects of As and fluoride exposure on children's intelligence and growth.

Methods: We report the results of a study of 720 children between 8 and 12 years of age in rural villages in Shanyin county, Shanxi province, China.