The Role of Nutrition and Other Lifestyle Patterns in Mortality Risk in Older Adults with Multimorbidity.

Limited research has examined how older adults' lifestyles intersect with multimorbidity to influence mortality risk. In this community-dwelling prospective cohort, the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study, principal component analysis was used to identify lifestyle patterns using baseline self-reported data on nutrition, lifestyle factors, and social engagement activities. Multimorbidity was defined by self-reported physician diagnoses.

Identifying Factors Associated With Breastfeeding Length Among Filipino Migrant Women in South Korea.

Background: Migrant women becoming mothers often face social, economic, and family challenges that can affect their dietary and breastfeeding practices. This study identified factors associated with breastfeeding length in migrant women.

Methods: The study sample involved 504 migrant women from the Filipino Women's Diet and Health Study (FiLWHEL) in 2014-2016.

Association between self-reported pain experiences in hospital and ratings of care, readmission and emergency department visits: a population-based study from New South Wales, Australia.

Introduction: Evidence on patient experiences with pain in hospitals and its impact on post-discharge outcomes is limited. This study investigated the prevalence of pain in hospitals, patient characteristics associated with pain management adequacy, and the link between pain experiences, care ratings, readmission and emergency department visits after discharge.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of the 2019 Adult Admitted Patient Survey, focusing on self-reported pain experiences, including presence, severity and management adequacy.

The association between patient self-reported experiences with medication discharge counselling and hospital readmissions: A cross-sectional analysis of a population-based survey.

Objective: To investigate the association between patient-reported experiences with new medication discharge counselling and readmission to hospital or emergency department (ED) visits within 30 days of discharge.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of patient-reported experiences from 8715 patients who reported being prescribed a new medication at discharge from a public hospital. Completeness of medication counselling was assessed based on (i) explanation of medication purpose, (ii) explanation of medication side effects, (iii) patient involvement in decision to use medication, (iv) provision of contradictory information.

The association between patient-reported experiences with hospital food services and recovery outcomes - A population survey of patients from 75 public hospitals.

Background: The quality of food service is vital to patients' experiences in care and recovery in hospitals. This study aimed to identify opportunities for improving hospital food services to enhance overall patient experiences and outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study uses the Adult Admitted Patient Survey in 2019.

Influence of university agricultural technology extension on efficient and sustainable agriculture.

Agricultural extension, as an important part of modern agriculture, can promote the scientific transformation of the traditional agricultural production model. This paper analysed the impact of university agricultural technology extension on efficient and sustainable agriculture using difference-in-differences model (DID). The results showed that university agricultural technology extension plays a facilitating role by influencing the coordinated development and green development dimensions in efficient and sustainable agriculture; there is a moderating effect of modern agricultural industrial parked in university agricultural technology extension and efficient and sustainable agriculture; there are significant differences in the impact of university agricultural technology extension on efficient and sustainable agriculture across regions and different levels of development.

Investigation of bias due to selective inclusion of study effect estimates in meta-analyses of nutrition research.

We aimed to explore, in a sample of systematic reviews (SRs) with meta-analyses of the association between food/diet and health-related outcomes, whether systematic reviewers selectively included study effect estimates in meta-analyses when multiple effect estimates were available. We randomly selected SRs of food/diet and health-related outcomes published between January 2018 and June 2019. We selected the first presented meta-analysis in each review (index meta-analysis), and extracted from study reports all study effect estimates that were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis.

Telehealth in long-term care facilities during the Covid-19 pandemic - Lessons learned from patients, physicians, nurses and healthcare workers.

Background: Telehealth and telecare are particularly important and beneficial to long-term care facilities due to care demands, workforce, and the unique environment. Stemming from the recent findings on telehealth utilisation in residential aged-care facilities in Australia, this commentary seeks to identify lessons and perspectives learned during the Covid-19 pandemic from multiple users, including patients, physicians, nurses, and healthcare workers in long-term care (LTC) settings.

Main Body: From patients' perspectives, older adults residing in LTC settings often opt not to use virtual care, with the majority preferring in-person visits.

Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Drug-Related Readmissions in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Older adults are at an increased risk of drug-related problems, especially following discharge from hospital. Drug-related readmissions place a large burden on the patient and the healthcare system. However, previous studies report inconsistent results on the prevalence and associated risk factors for drug-related hospital readmissions in older adults.

Spin in randomized controlled trials of pharmacology in COVID-19: A systematic review.

Spin, defined as the misrepresentation of the results of a study, could negate the validity of scientific findings. To explore the manifestation of spin, and identify the factors affecting spin in COVID-19 RCTs, a systematic review was performed from PubMed/Medline, National Institutes of Health, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science. RCTs on pharmacotherapy for COVID-19 with nonsignificant primary outcomes published in 2020 were included.

Sociodemographic determinants of telehealth utilisation in general practice during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia.

This analysis assessed the sociodemographic characteristics of telehealth utilisation during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic from March 2020 to August 2021 in Australia. Drawing on 860 general practice providers among 3 161 868 patients, 24 527 274 consultations were recorded. Telehealth accounted for 37.

A framework for conducting policy-relevant primary care research: a COVID-19 case study in Australia.

The onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, and the ensuing implementation of response measures directly impacted the delivery of Australian primary care services. Understanding how these measures affected practice activity is important for gauging both their effectiveness and implications for future service planning. During the first 2years of the COVID-19 pandemic, a research project was undertaken to determine the impact of the pandemic on Australian general practice activity as a collaborative undertaking between researchers, general practitioners, data custodians, and five primary health networks from New South Wales and Victoria, Australia.

Telehealth utilisation in residential aged care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective cohort study in Australian general practice.

Introduction: Our earlier analysis during the COVID-19 surges in 2020 showed a reduction in general practitioner (GP) in-person visits to residential aged care facilities (RACFs) and increased use of telehealth. This study assessed how sociodemographic characteristics affected telehealth utilisation.

Methods: This retrospective cohort consists of 27,980 RACF residents aged 65 years and over, identified from general practice electronic health records in Victoria and New South Wales during March 2020-August 2021.

A literature review on plant-based foods and dietary quality in knee osteoarthritis.

This literature review summarizes the role of plant-based foods and diet quality in osteoarthritis, particularly knee osteoarthritis, in observational studies and clinical trials published during 2015- 2020. The included studies have suggested favorable results on reducing the prevalence, pain, and cartilage changes related to osteoarthritis and inflammatory and oxidation markers such as inter- leukin-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor, and lipid peroxidation. Due to the lack of large lon- gitudinal cohorts to study whole foods or diets concerning knee osteoarthritis, findings from the cross-sectional studies or clinical trials require further validation, particularly in well-designed clinical trials and a more extended follow-up period.

The Role of Nutrition in Osteoarthritis: A Literature Review.

A literature review to identify nutritional factors and the prevention and management of knee or hip osteoarthritis (OA) suggests that nutritional interventions offer some health benefits in OA through mechanisms such as weight loss, reduced inflammation, and antioxidant capacity. However, because data are limited with mixed results, high-quality evidence, including longitudinal studies and clinical trials, are needed to understand whether nutritional supplementation effectively prevents or manages OA. Therefore, healthcare professionals should consider promoting diets rich in fiber, including whole grains, fruit, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and legumes or dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet, to their patients to manage OA.

Disclosure of funding sources and conflicts of interest in evidence underpinning vitamin D and calcium recommendations in bone health guidelines.

Objective: The present study aims to examine the relationship between study funding sources, author conflicts of interest (COI) and conclusions in studies supporting vitamin D and Ca intake cited in bone health guideline recommendations.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: Forty-seven global bone health guidelines with vitamin D and/or Ca recommendations for adults aged 40 years and above.

Methods used to select results to include in meta-analyses of nutrition research: A meta-research study.

Objectives: To investigate how often review authors encounter multiple results from included studies that are eligible for inclusion in a particular meta-analysis, and how often methods to select results are specified.

Methods: MEDLINE and Epistemonikos were searched (January 2018-June 2019) to identify systematic reviews with meta-analysis of the association between food/diet and health-related outcomes. A random sample of these reviews was selected, and for the first presented (index) meta-analysis, rules used to select effect estimates to include in this meta-analysis were extracted from the reviews and their protocols.

Biomarkers of dairy fat intake, incident cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: A cohort study, systematic review, and meta-analysis.

Background: We aimed to investigate the association of serum pentadecanoic acid (15:0), a biomarker of dairy fat intake, with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in a Swedish cohort study. We also systematically reviewed studies of the association of dairy fat biomarkers (circulating or adipose tissue levels of 15:0, heptadecanoic acid [17:0], and trans-palmitoleic acid [t16:1n-7]) with CVD outcomes or all-cause mortality.

Methods And Findings: We measured 15:0 in serum cholesterol esters at baseline in 4,150 Swedish adults (51% female, median age 60.

COVID-19: protocol for observational studies utilizing near real-time electronic Australian general practice data to promote effective care and best-practice policy-a design thinking approach.

Background: Health systems around the world have been forced to make choices about how to prioritize care, manage infection control and maintain reserve capacity for future disease outbreaks. Primary healthcare has moved into the front line as COVID-19 testing transitions from hospitals to multiple providers, where tracking testing behaviours can be fragmented and delayed. Pooled general practice data are a valuable resource which can be used to inform population and individual care decision-making.