Characterization of the basic leucine zipper transcription factor family of Neoporphyra haitanensis and its role in acclimation to dehydration stress.

Background: Neoporphyra haitanensis, a major marine crop native to southern China, grows in the harsh intertidal habitats of rocky coasts. The thallus can tolerate fluctuating and extreme environmental stresses, for example, repeated desiccation/rehydration due to the turning tides. It is also a typical model system for investigating stress tolerance mechanisms in intertidal seaweed.

Quantification of Photosynthetic Pigments in Using Hyperspectral Imagery.

Phycobilisomes and chlorophyll-a () play important roles in the photosynthetic physiology of red macroalgae and serve as the primary light-harvesting antennae and reaction center for photosystem II. is an economically important red macroalga widely cultivated in East Asian countries. The contents and ratios of 3 main phycobiliproteins and are visible traits to evaluate its commercial quality.

Metagenome-Assembled Genomes From Microbiome Provide Insights Into the Potential Metabolic Functions to the Seaweed.

is an economically important edible red alga worldwide. The aquaculture industry and production have grown considerably in recent decades. Microbial communities inhabit the algal surface and produce a variety of compounds that can influence host adaptation.

Comparative Gene Expression and Physiological Analyses Reveal Molecular Mechanisms in Wound-Induced Spore Formation in the Edible Seaweed Nori.

Genetic reprogramming of differentiated cells is studied broadly in multicellular Viridiplantae as an adaptation to herbivory or damage; however, mechanisms underlying cell development and redifferentiation are largely unknown in red algae, their nearest multicellular relatives. Here we investgate cell reprogramming in the widely cultivated, edible seaweed ("nori"), where vegetative cells in wounded blades differentiate and release as large numbers of asexual spores. Based upon physiological changes and transcriptomic dynamics after wound stress in and its congener , another cultivar that does not differentiate spores after wounding, we propose a three-phase model of wound-induced spore development in .

Heat Shock Protein 20 Gene Superfamilies in Red Algae: Evolutionary and Functional Diversities.

Heat shock protein 20 () genes play important roles in plant growth, development, and response to environmental stress. However, the gene family has not yet been systematically investigated, and its function in red algae (Rhodophyta) remains poorly understood. Herein, we characterized gene families in red algae by studying gene structure, conserved motifs, phylogenetic relationships, chromosome location, gene duplication, regulatory elements, and expression profiles.

Genome-wide analysis of HSP70 gene superfamily in Pyropia yezoensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta): identification, characterization and expression profiles in response to dehydration stress.

Background: Heat shock proteins (HSPs) perform a fundamental role in protecting plants against abiotic stresses. Individual family members have been analyzed in previous studies, but there has not yet been a comprehensive analysis of the HSP70 gene family in Pyropia yezoensis.

Results: We investigated 15 putative HSP70 genes in Py.

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into Response of Ulva compressa to Fluctuating Salinity Conditions.

Ulva compressa, a green tide-forming species, can adapt to hypo-salinity conditions, such as estuaries and brackish lakes. To understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of hypo-salinity stress tolerance, transcriptome-wide gene expression profiles in U. compressa were created using digital gene expression profiles.

Identification and application of T3SS translocation signal in Edwardsiella piscicida attenuated carrier as a bivalent vaccine.

Type III secretion system (T3SS)-dependent translocation has been used to deliver heterologous antigens by vaccine carriers into host cells. In this research, we identified the translocation signal of Edwardsiella piscicida T3SS effector EseG and constructed an antibiotic resistance-free balanced-lethal system as attenuated vaccine carrier to present antigens by T3SS. Edwardsiella piscicida LSE40 asd gene deletion mutant was constructed and complemented with pYA3342 harbouring the asd (aspartate β-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) gene from Salmonella.

Biomass estimation of cultivated red algae Pyropia using unmanned aerial platform based multispectral imaging.

Background: Pyropia is an economically advantageous genus of red macroalgae, which has been cultivated in the coastal areas of East Asia for over 300 years. Realizing estimation of macroalgae biomass in a high-throughput way would great benefit their cultivation management and research on breeding and phenomics. However, the conventional method is labour-intensive, time-consuming, manually destructive, and prone to human error.

Transcriptomic Insights into Innate Immunity Responding to Red Rot Disease in Red Alga .

, one of the most economically important marine algae, suffers from the biotic stress of the oomycete necrotrophic pathogen . However, little is known about the molecular defensive mechanisms employed by during the infection process. In the present study, we defined three stages of red rot disease based on histopathological features and photosynthetic physiology.

Compositional Shifts of Bacterial Communities Associated With and Surrounding Seawater Co-occurring With Red Rot Disease.

is commercially the most important edible red alga in China, and red rot disease is viewed as one of the major constraints for its cultivation. Microbes within the oomycetic genus have been reported as the causative agents for this disease; however, little is known about the interactions between the disease and the epiphytic and planktonic bacterial communities. In the present study, bacterial communities associated with uninfected, locally infected, and seriously infected thalli collected from cultivation farms, and within seawater adjacent to the thalli, were investigated using in-depth 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing in conjunction with assessing multiple environmental factors.

Expression, secretion and bactericidal activity of type VI secretion system in Vibrio anguillarum.

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) was recently shown to modulate quorum sensing and the stress response in Vibrio anguillarum serotype O1 strain NB10. It is not known whether there is a functionally active T6SS in other serotypes of V. anguillarum.

Correction: De Novo Assembly of the Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Spleen Transcriptome to Identify Putative Genes Involved in Immunity.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

De Novo assembly of the Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) spleen transcriptome to identify putative genes involved in immunity.

Background: Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is an economically important marine fish in Asia and has suffered from disease outbreaks caused by various pathogens, which requires more information for immune relevant genes on genome background. However, genomic and transcriptomic data for Japanese flounder remain scarce, which limits studies on the immune system of this species. In this study, we characterized the Japanese flounder spleen transcriptome using an Illumina paired-end sequencing platform to identify putative genes involved in immunity.

Generation and evaluation of virulence attenuated mutants of Edwardsiella tarda as vaccine candidates to combat edwardsiellosis in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

Edwardsiella tarda is an intracellular pathogen that causes edwardsiellosis in fish. The development of a live attenuated vaccine may be an effective approach for preventing this disease in fish. In this study, we introduced deletions of esrB, esaC, evpH, rpoS, and purA into the E.

Complete nucleotide sequence of Klebsiella phage P13 and prediction of an EPS depolymerase gene.

The complete genome of Klebsiella phage P13 was sequenced and analyzed. Bacteriophage P13 has a double-stranded linear DNA with a length of 45,976 bp and a G+C content of 51.7 %, which is slightly lower than that of Klebsiella pneumoniae KCTC 2242.

Molecular cloning, characterization, and heterologous expression of a new κ-carrageenase gene from marine bacterium Zobellia sp. ZM-2.

κ-Carrageenases exhibit apparent distinctions in gene sequence, molecular weight, enzyme properties, and posttranslational processes. In this study, a new κ-carrageenase gene named cgkZ was cloned from the marine bacterium Zobellia sp. ZM-2.

Complete Genome Sequence of Vibrio anguillarum M3, a Serotype O1 Strain Isolated from Japanese Flounder in China.

Vibrio anguillarum is an important bacterial pathogen that causes vibriosis in marine fish. We present the complete genome sequence of V. anguillarum M3, a serotype O1 clinical strain isolated from Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in Shandong, China.

Phenotypic characterization, virulence, and immunogenicity of Edwardsiella tarda LSE40 aroA mutant.

Bacterial aro mutants are frequently used as live attenuated vaccines for domestic animals. In this study, we characterized Edwardsiella tarda strain LSE40 with a deletion in the aroA gene. In addition to autotrophy, the aroA mutant appeared to have delayed cell division and reductions in its swarming motility, biofilm formation, and production of translocator proteins in the type III secretory system.

Role of alternative sigma factor 54 (RpoN) from Vibrio anguillarum M3 in protease secretion, exopolysaccharide production, biofilm formation, and virulence.

The sigma factor σ(54) (RpoN) is an important regulator of bacterial response to environmental stresses. Here, we demonstrate the roles of RpoN in Vibrio anguillarum M3 by comparative investigation of physiological phenotypes and virulence of the wild-type, an rpoN mutant, and an rpoN complemented strain. Disruption of rpoN was found to decrease biofilm formation, production of exopolysaccharides, and production of the metalloproteases EmpA and PrtV.

[Advances in Detection Technologies of in vivo Expression of Bacterial Virulence Gene.].

The interactions between bacterial pathogens and their hosts is complex. To further our understanding ofathe pathogenesisaof bacterial pathogens, it is necessary to identify bacterial virulence genes that are specifically induced in vivo during infection and probe their regulation in vivo. Toward this end, several technologies, such as in vivo expression technology (IVET), signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM), differential fluorescence induction (DFI), genomic analysis and mapping by in vitro transposition (GAMBIT) and in vivo induced antigen technology (IVIAT), have been developed.

[Classification for one pathogenic Vibrio anguillarum strain isolated from skin-ulcer flounder].

A pathogenic bacterial strain M3 revealed gram negative rod shape, motile and translucent clone was studied. This bacterium was isolated from the skin-ulcer flounder in the fish farm of RongCheng City, Shandong Provice, and could not be identified by BIOLOG ID SYSTEM. Comparative 16S rDNA sequence analyses revealed that strain M3 was most related to the genus of Vibrio.