An electricity-driven mobility circular economy with lifecycle carbon footprints for climate-adaptive carbon neutrality transformation.

Under the carbon neutrality targets and sustainable development goals, emergingly increasing needs for batteries are in buildings and electric vehicles. However, embodied carbon emissions impose dialectical viewpoints on whether the electrochemical battery is environmentally friendly or not. In this research, a community with energy paradigm shifting towards decentralization, renewable and sustainability is studied, with multi-directional Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) and lifecycle battery circular economy.