Expression of active caspase 3 in the rat lens after in vivo exposure to subthreshold dose of UVR-B.

Purposes: The aim of this study is to investigate the time evolution of active caspase 3 within first 120 h in the rat lens after in vivo exposure to subthreshold dose of UVR-B.

Methods: Twenty three six-week-old female albino Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to subthreshold dose (1 kJ/m) of UVR-B unilaterally and sacrificed at 24, 41, 70 and 120 h after exposure. Lenses were enucleated and active caspase 3 was detected by Western Blot.

Automatic estimation of the cross-sectional area of the waist of the nerve fibre layer at the optic nerve head.

Purpose: Glaucoma leads to pathological loss of axons in the retinal nerve fibre layer at the optic nerve head (ONH). This study aimed to develop a strategy for the estimation of the cross-sectional area of the axons in the ONH. Furthermore, improving the estimation of the thickness of the nerve fibre layer, as compared to a method previously published by us.

A Competing Risk Analysis Study of Prognosis in Patients with Esophageal Carcinoma 2006-2015 Using Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Database.

BACKGROUND Competing risk analysis determines the probability of survival and considers competing events. This retrospective study aimed to undertake a competing risk analysis of prognosis in patients with esophageal carcinoma between 2006-2015 using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. MATERIAL AND METHODS Clinicopathological, demographic, and survival data were analyzed for patients with esophageal carcinoma registered in the SEER database between 2006-2015.

Nomograms for predicting long-term overall survival and cancer-specific survival in patients with primary urethral carcinoma: a population-based study.

Background: Our aim was to identify the independent prognostic factors in patients with primary urethral carcinoma (PUC) and to predict their overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) at 3, 5, and 8 years.

Methods: Patients with PUC identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were divided into training and validation cohorts. Nomograms were constructed based on the results of Cox regression analysis.

Variance components for PIMD-2π estimation of the optic nerve head and consequences in clinical measurements of glaucoma.

Purpose: To estimate the sources of variation for Pigment epithelium central limit-Inner limit of the retina Minimal Distance averaged over 2π (PIMD-2π), and further to analyse their consequences for clinical measurements of glaucoma.

Methods: Forty subjects with early to moderate stage glaucoma were included. Three SD-OCT volumes of the optic nerve head (ONH) were captured at two occasions.

Objective automated quantification of fluorescence signal in histological sections of rat lens.

Visual quantification and classification of fluorescent signals is the gold standard in microscopy. The purpose of this study was to develop an automated method to delineate cells and to quantify expression of fluorescent signal of biomarkers in each nucleus and cytoplasm of lens epithelial cells in a histological section. A region of interest representing the lens epithelium was manually demarcated in each input image.

Measuring temperature in the lens during experimental heat load indirectly as light scattering increase rate.

The current study aims to experimentally estimate the temperature in the lens due to heat load indirectly from the measurement of increases in the rate of temperature-induced light scattering. The lens was extracted from Sprague–Dawley rats and put into a temperature-controlled cuvette filled with a balanced salt solution. Altogether, 80 lenses were equally divided into four temperature groups.

Variance components in confocal scanning laser tomography measurements of neuro-retinal rim area and the effect of repeated measurements on the power to detect loss over time.

Purpose: To estimate the variation in measurements of neuro-retinal rim area (NRA) determined by confocal scanning laser tomography and consequences for clinical follow-up.

Methods: Altogether, 24 healthy subjects were randomized on -320 μm, Moorfields and Standard NRA plane strategies. Additionally, NRA was measured in 32 glaucoma subjects.

Apoptosis in Rat Cornea After In Vivo Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation at 300 nm.

Purpose: Peak toxicity for in vivo ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure to the lens is in the 300-nm wavelength region. However, little is known about corneal cell damage at 300 nm. The purpose of the study was to determine the time evolution of apoptosis in the cornea after in vivo exposure to 300-nm UVR.

Temperature-controlled in vivo ocular exposure to 1090-nm radiation suggests that near-infrared radiation cataract is thermally induced.

The damage mechanism for near-infrared radiation (IRR) induced cataract is unclear. Both a photochemical and a thermal mechanism were suggested. The current paper aims to elucidate a photochemical effect based on investigation of irradiance-exposure time reciprocity.

Ocular temperature elevation induced by threshold in vivo exposure to 1090-nm infrared radiation and associated heat diffusion.

An in vivo exposure to 197  W/cm 2 1090-nm infrared radiation (IRR) requires a minimum 8 s for cataract induction. The present study aims to determine the ocular temperature evolution and the associated heat flow at the same exposure conditions. Two groups of 12 rats were unilaterally exposed within the dilated pupil with a close to collimated beam between lens and retina.

Modelling the time evolution of active caspase-3 protein in the rat lens after in vivo exposure to ultraviolet radiation-B.

Purpose: To introduce a model for the time evolution of active caspase-3 protein expression in albino rat lens up to 24 hours after in vivo exposure to low dose UVR in the 300 nm wavelength region (UVR-300 nm).

Methods: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were unilaterally exposed in vivo to 1 kJ/m2 UVR-300 nm for 15 minutes. At 0.

Topically applied caffeine induces miosis in the ketamine/xylazine anesthetized rat.

The aim of the present study was to examine if topically applied caffeine influences pupil size in ketamine/xylazine anesthetized animals. Two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, caffeine was topically applied to one of the eyes of 10 ketamine/xylazine anesthetized animals, while vehicle only was topically applied to the contralateral eye.

1090 nm infrared radiation at close to threshold dose induces cataract with a time delay.

Purpose: To investigate whether infrared radiation (IRR)-induced cataract is instant or is associated with a time delay between the exposure and the onset of lens light scattering after an exposure to just above threshold dose.

Methods: Six-weeks-old albino Sprague-Dawley female rats were unilaterally exposed to 197 W/cm2 IRR at 1090 nm within the dilated pupil. In the first experiment, the animals were exposed with four exposure times of 5, 8, 13 and 20 second, respectively.

Specific spatial distribution of caspase-3 in normal lenses.

Purpose: To determine the distribution of active caspase-3 in rat eye lens epithelium.

Methods: In total, 120 sagittal sections from forty rats were assessed for active caspase-3 labelling using immunohistochemistry. Lens epithelial cells were counted, and the fraction of active caspase-3 labelled cells and their relative positions were identified in each section.

Pharmacokinetics for topically applied caffeine in the rat.

Topically applied caffeine was recently identified as a promising candidate molecule for cataract prevention. Little is known about the pharmacokinetics for topically applied caffeine. Potential toxicity of 72 mM caffeine on the ocular surface and the lens was qualitatively monitored and no toxic effects were observed.

Time evolution of active caspase-3 labelling after in vivo exposure to UVR-300 nm.

Purpose: To determine the time evolution of active caspase-3 protein expression in albino rat lens after in vivo exposure to low-dose UVR-300 nm, as detected by immunofluorescence.

Methods: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were unilaterally exposed in vivo to 1 kJ/m(2) UVR-300 nm for 15 min. At 0.

Caffeine eye drops protect against UV-B cataract.

The purpose of this study was to investigate if topically applied caffeine protects against in vivo ultraviolet radiation cataract and if so, to estimate the protection factor. Three experiments were carried out. First, two groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were pre-treated with a single application of either placebo or caffeine eye drops in both eyes.

Evolution of TUNEL-labeling in the rat lens after in vivo exposure to just above threshold dose UVB.

Purpose/aim: To quantitatively analyse the evolution of TUNEL-labeling, after in vivo exposure to UVB.

Methods: Altogether, 16 Sprague Dawley rats were unilaterally exposed in vivo for 15 min to close to threshold dose, 5 kJ/m(2), of ultraviolet radiation in the 300 nm wavelength region. Animals were sacrificed in groups of 4 at 1, 5, 24 and 120 h after exposure.

Interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms influence susceptibility to cachexia in patients with low-third gastric cancer in a Chinese population.

Background And Objective: Interleukin (IL)-10 is a pleiotropic cytokine that can both stimulate and suppress the immune response. Previous studies have reported that IL-10 production was significantly elevated in cachectic patients, and it has been confirmed that polymorphisms of the IL10 gene could influence its expression. Therefore, we designed this study to investigate whether polymorphisms of the IL10 gene were associated with cachexia in patients with low-third gastric cancer in a Chinese population.