Exosomal mRNA in plasma serves as a predictive marker for microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background And Aim: There is a pressing need for non-invasive preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study investigates the potential of exosome-derived mRNA in plasma as a biomarker for diagnosing MVI.

Methods: Patients with suspected HCC undergoing hepatectomy were prospectively recruited for preoperative peripheral blood collection.

Leveraging circulating microbiome signatures to predict tumor immune microenvironment and prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Accumulating evidence supports the significant role of human microbiome in development and therapeutic response of tumors. Circulating microbial DNA is non-invasive and could show a general view of the microbiome of host, making it a promising biomarker for cancers. However, whether circulating microbiome is associated with prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its potential mechanisms on tumor immune microenvironment still remains unknown.

Diverse regulated cell death modes predict the immune microenvironment and drug sensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma.

Integrated action modes of regulated cell death (RCD) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have not been comprehensively dissected. Here, we adopted 15 RCD modes, including 1350 related genes, and established RCD signature scores. We found that LUAD patients with high RCD scores had a significantly worse prognosis in all four different cohorts (TCGA, KM-plotter, GSE31210, and GSE30219).

Immunogenetic polymorphisms predict therapeutic efficacy and survival outcomes in tumor patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.

Background: While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) demonstrate remarkable clinical responses, only a small subset of patients obtains benefits. Genes linked to the tumor immune system are confirmed to be critical for the treatment of ICIs, and their polymorphisms can contribute to ICI efficacy. Here, we examined the potential of immunogenetic variations to predict the efficacy and survival of the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.

Immunogenetic variations predict immune-related adverse events for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.

Background: PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have brought remarkable benefits but can cause profound immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The host immunogenetic background is likely to play a role in irAE susceptibility. In this study, we aimed to identify potential immunogenetic biomarkers to predict irAEs.

Novel directions of precision oncology: circulating microbial DNA emerging in cancer-microbiome areas.

Microbiome research has extended into the cancer area in the past decades. Microbes can affect oncogenesis, progression, and treatment response through various mechanisms, including direct regulation and indirect impacts. Microbiota-associated detection methods and agents have been developed to facilitate cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Allele frequency and proportion defined by circulating tumor DNA profiling predict tyrosine kinase inhibitors' therapeutic outcomes for non-small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: Circulating tumor DNA is more and more accessible for patients who cannot undergo biopsy. No consistent conclusion has been reached on whether frequency and proportion of mutations defined by ctDNA profiling can predict therapeutic outcomes.

Methods: One hundred patients with non-small cell lung cancer harboring activating EGFR mutations (exon 19 deletion, L858R and T790M mutation) were collected in West China hospital from December 18, 2017 to December 31, 2019.

A Promising Preoperative Prediction Model for Microvascular Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on an Extreme Gradient Boosting Algorithm.

Background: The non-invasive preoperative diagnosis of microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is vital for precise surgical decision-making and patient prognosis. Herein, we aimed to develop an MVI prediction model with valid performance and clinical interpretability.

Methods: A total of 2160 patients with HCC without macroscopic invasion who underwent hepatectomy for the first time in West China Hospital from January 2015 to June 2019 were retrospectively included, and randomly divided into training and a validation cohort at a ratio of 8:2.

Cancer Genomic Alterations Can Be Potential Biomarkers Predicting Microvascular Invasion and Early Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: High recurrence incidence and poor survival after hepatectomy are enormous threats to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, which can be caused by microvascular invasion (MVI). However, it is difficult to predict preoperative MVI status. In this study, we focus on cancer genomic alterations to comprehensively explore potential MVI and early recurrence biomarkers and provide clues to the mechanisms of HCC invasion and metastasis.

The long non-coding RNA HOXA11-AS activates ITGB3 expression to promote the migration and invasion of gastric cancer by sponging miR-124-3p.

Background: miR-124-3p can inhibit integrin β3 (ITGB3) expression to suppress the migration and invasion of gastric cancer (GC), and in the process lncRNA HOXA11-AS may act as a molecular sponge.

Methods: Luciferase reporter assay was conducted to verify the binding of miR-124-3p and HOXA11-AS. RT-PCR and western blot were performed to detect the expression of HOXA11-AS, miR-124-3p and ITGB3 in GC tissues and cells.

Ultrasensitive Nanopore Sensing of Mucin 1 and Circulating Tumor Cells in Whole Blood of Breast Cancer Patients by Analyte-Triggered Triplex-DNA Release.

The characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) by liquid biopsy has a great potential for precision medicine in oncology. Here, a universal and tandem logic-based strategy is developed by combining multiple nanomaterials and nanopore sensing for the determination of mucin 1 protein (MUC1) and breast cancer CTCs in real samples. The strategy consists of analyte-triggered signal conversion, cascaded amplification via nanomaterials including copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS NPs), silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), and biomaterials including DNA hydrogel and DNAzyme, and single-molecule-level detection by nanopore sensing.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Kidney Function of Recipients After Renal Transplantation in Southwestern China: A Retrospective Study.

Factors influencing the kidney function of patients after renal transplantation include both recipient-related factors and donor-related factors. To gain a better understanding of these factors and to improve clinical decision-making, we performed a retrospective study of southwestern Chinese people receiving kidney transplantation. In this retrospective analysis, a total of 2,462 recipients receiving allogeneic kidney transplantation in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from December 13, 2008 to January 10, 2018 were included.

[Methylation Chip Screening and Verification of Differential Genes Related to Tuberculosis Infection].

Objective: To screen the genes with significant changes in DNA methylation level in active tuberculosis patients, we used the methylation chips and expanded the sample size to verify candidate genes.

Methods: ① This study enrolled 9 cases of active tuberculosis patients, 3 cases of latent tuberculosis patients and 3 cases of healthy controls whose age and gender were all matched. Genome DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cell in blood samples collected from these candidates, and bisulfite conversion treatment was then conducted.