Identification of an ethylene-responsive and cell wall-secreting β-1,3-glucanase, VvGLU1, in the early cell regrowth of grape winter buds triggered by exogenous dormancy releasers.

Background: Grape (Vitis vinifera) crops encounter significant challenges in overcoming bud endodormancy in warm winter areas worldwide. Research on the mechanisms governing bud dormancy release has focused primarily on stress regulation; however, cell wall regulation of bud meristem regrowth mechanism during the dormancy release remains obscure.

Results: In this study, transmission electron microscopy revealed significant changes in the grape bud cell wall following hydrogen cyanamide (HC) treatment, accompanied by an increase in β-1,3-glucanase activity.

Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 and F-FDG PET/CT: a head-to-head comparison for peritoneal carcinomatosis diagnostic accuracy.

Purpose: The study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 (Ga-FAPI) and F-FDG PET/CT for peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) in patients with various types of cancer.

Methods: The study enrolled 113 patients with suspected peritoneal malignancy, each of whom underwent Ga-FAPI and F-FDG PET/CT scans. Lesions in all patients were confirmed through pathology or radiological follow-up.

Impact of different teaching modes on medical students' performance under the scoring criteria for multiple-choice questions: A meta-analysis.

Background: Comparing the impact of different educational modes on medical students' performance under the scoring criteria for multiple-choice questions, would provide a basis for selecting more appropriate and effective teaching modes for talent development.

Methods: We searched databases such as CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, and Web of Science to collect publications on the comparison of medical students' performance under the scoring criteria for multiple-choice questions and different teaching modes, with a focus on studies conducted between 2015 and 2024. Chinese search terms included multiple-choice questions, multiple-choice exam, medical students, flipped classroom, simulation teaching, team-based learning, and blended teaching.

The Presence and Pathogenic Roles of M(IL-33 + IL-2) Macrophages in Allergic Airway Inflammation.

Background: Macrophages, one of the most abundant immune cells in the lung, have drawn great attention in allergic asthma. Currently, most studies emphasize alternative activated (M2) polarization bias. However, macrophage function in allergic asthma is still controversial.

A head-to-head comparison of [Ga]Ga-DOTA-FGFR1 and [F]FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis of lung cancer.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the diagnostic value of [Ga]Ga-DOTA-FGFR1 and [F]FDG PET/CT in the evaluation of lung cancer patients.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted between March 2023 and July 2023. Patients with high clinical suspicion of lung cancer were recruited.

Molecular and Functional Characterization of the Key Proanthocyanidin Pathway Enzymes Anthocyanidin Reductases and Leucoanthocyanidin Reductases in .

The litchi genome has five anthocyanidin reductase () and two leucoanthocyanidin reductase () members. The high expression of and is significantly positively correlated with the abundant proanthocyanidins and (-)-epicatechin (EC) in the pericarp, leaf, root, etc. The recombinant LcANR1a/2a converts cyanidin to both EC and (+)-catechin (CT) (EC:CT ≈ 1:1) and converts delphindin to (+)-gallocatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin; the recombinant LcLAR1/2 converts leucocyanidin to CT.

Systemic Metabolic and Volumetric Assessment via Whole-Body [F]FDG-PET/CT: Pancreas Size Predicts Cachexia in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Cancer-associated cachexia in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is challenging to diagnose due to its complex pathophysiology. This study aimed to identify metabolic biomarkers linked to cachexia and survival in HNSCC patients using [F]FDG-PET/CT imaging and machine learning (ML) techniques. We retrospectively analyzed 253 HNSCC patients from Vienna General Hospital and the MD Anderson Cancer Center.

Simultaneous confidence interval construction for many-to-one of proportion ratios of bilateral correlated data.

In ophthalmology and otolaryngology, data collected from paired body parts are typically reformatted into categorical bilateral data structures for subsequent research. This article applies Donner's equal correlation coefficient model and obtains nine simultaneous confidence intervals (SCI) of proportion ratios under three asymptotic statistical methods and three ways of multiplicity adjustment. The empirical coverage probability and mean interval width are evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations.

Identification and characterization of a key LcTPS in the biosynthesis of volatile monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in Litchi fruit.

Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) has a desirable sweet taste and exotic aroma, making it popular in the markets. However, the biosynthesis of aroma volatiles in litchi fruit has rarely been investigated.

Value of F-FDG PET/CT-based radiomics features for differentiating primary lung cancer and solitary lung metastasis in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Objective: To investigate the value and applicability of F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) radiomics in differentiating primary lung cancer (PLC) from solitary lung metastasis (SLM) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 103 patients with CRC and solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was used to screen for optimal radiomics features and establish a PET/CT radiomics model.

Human Biodistribution and Radiation Dosimetry of the Targeting Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1-Positive Tumors Tracer [Ga]Ga-DOTA-FGFR1-Peptide.

[Ga]Ga-DOTA-FGFR1-peptide is a novel positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1). This study evaluated the safety, biodistribution, radiation dosimetry, and imaging potential of [Ga]Ga-DOTA-FGFR1-peptide. The FGFR1-targeting peptide DOTA-(PEG2)-KAEWKSLGEEAWHSK was synthesized by manual solid-phase peptide synthesis with high-performance liquid chromatography purification, and labeled with Ga with DOTA as chelating agent.

Causal association between skin cancer and immune cells: mendelian randomization (MR) study.

Background: Numerous meta-analyses and clinical studies have shown that subtypes of immune cells are associated with the development of skin cancer, but it is not clear whether this association is causal or biased. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis reduces the effect of confounding factors and improves the accuracy of the results when compared to traditional studies. Thus, in order to examine the causal relationship between various immune cell and skin cancer, this study employs two-sample MR.

Comparison of Ga-FAPI-04 and F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosing ovarian cancer.

Purpose: This study assesses the diagnostic performance of Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT compared to F-FDG PET/CT in primary, recurrent, and metastatic ovarian cancer.

Methods: Seventy-nine ovarian cancer patients who performed Ga-FAPI-04 and F-FDG PET/CT were recruited. The target-to-background ratio (TBR), maximum standardized uptake value (SUV), the number of positive lesions, visual assessment, the peritoneal cancer index (PCI) score, staging/restaging, and treatment strategies were compared from the corresponding PET/CT.

Electrochemical Synthesis of Phosphorylated Indoles and Trp-Containing Oligopeptides.

CpFe-mediated electrochemical synthesis of phosphorylated indoles and Trp-containing oligopeptides has been developed, which eliminates the need for external oxidants and yields the desired products in moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions. Importantly, the synthetic applicability was further demonstrated through its easy scalability and the anticancer activity of the product. Remarkably, it presents the first electrochemical protocol to access the phosphorylation of indoles and Trp-containing oligopeptides.

Comparison of 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT with 18 F-FDG PET/CT for diagnosis and staging of gastric and colorectal cancer.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/computed tomography (CT) for the diagnosis of primary and metastatic gastric cancer and colorectal cancer lesions as compared with 18 F-FDG PET/CT.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-nine patients who underwent both 18 F-FDG and 68 Ga-FAPI-04 for initial staging or restaging were enrolled. Histopathological findings and clinical imaging follow-up were used as the reference standard.

Neutrophil extracellular trap-mediated impairment of meningeal lymphatic drainage exacerbates secondary hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage.

Hydrocephalus is a substantial complication after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) or intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) that leads to impaired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation. Recently, brain meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs) were shown to serve as critical drainage pathways for CSF. Our previous studies indicated that the degradation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) after ICH/IVH alleviates hydrocephalus.

Water Supply via Pedicel Reduces Postharvest Pericarp Browning of Litchi () Fruit.

Pericarp browning is the key factor for the extension of shelf life and the maintenance of the commercial value of harvested litchi fruit. Water loss is considered a leading factor of pericarp browning in litchi fruit. In this study, based on the distinct structure of litchi fruit, which is a special type of dry fruit with the aril as the edible part, the effects of water supply via pedicel (WSP) treatment on pericarp browning and the fruit quality of litchi were investigated.