Unlocking lignin valorization and harnessing lignin-based raw materials for bio-manufacturing.

Lignin, an energy-rich and adaptable polymer comprising phenylpropanoid monomers utilized by plants for structural reinforcement, water conveyance, and defense mechanisms, ranks as the planet's second most prevalent biopolymer, after cellulose. Despite its prevalence, lignin is frequently underused in the process of converting biomass into fuels and chemicals. Instead, it is commonly incinerated for industrial heat due to its intricate composition and resistance to decomposition, presenting obstacles for targeted valorization.

[Research progress on bone repair biomaterials with the function of recruiting endogenous mesenchymal stem cells].

Objective: To review the research progress on bone repair biomaterials with the function of recruiting endogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

Methods: An extensive review of the relevant literature on bone repair biomaterials, particularly those designed to recruit endogenous MSCs, was conducted, encompassing both domestic and international studies from recent years. The construction methods and optimization strategies for these biomaterials were summarized.

Anapole states and transverse displacement sensing based on the interaction between cylindrical vector beams and Au core-Si shell nanodisks.

Precise optical control at the nanoscale is crucial for advancing photonic devices and sensing technologies. Herein, we theoretically introduce what we believe to be a novel approach for nano-optical manipulation, employing Au core-Si shell nanodisks interacting with tightly focused cylindrical vector beams to achieve electric and magnetic anapole states. Our investigations unveil that the interplay between individual nanodisks and radially polarized beams (RPBs) located in the center of RPBs yields a position-dependent electric anapole state.

Prevalence and clinical correlates of impaired fasting blood glucose in children and adolescents with depressive disorder and relationship with triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein ratio.

Depressive disorder is a significant public health problem worldwide, which adversely affects children and adolescents' health. Impaired fasting blood glucose (IFG) is more common in depressive disorder, which becomes a clinical problem that needs to be focused on. The study purposed to determine the prevalence and related factors of IFG in Chinese children and adolescents with depressive disorder and the relationship between triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio and IFG.

Biochemical characterization, biosynthesis mechanism, and functional evaluation of selenium-enriched Aspergillus oryzae A02.

The synthesis mechanisms and function evaluation of selenium(Se)-enriched microorganism remain relatively unexplored. This study unveils that total Se content within A. oryzae A02 mycelium soared to an impressive 8462 mg/kg DCW, surpassing Se-enriched yeast by 2-3 times.

Magnetic transverse unidirectional scattering and longitudinal displacement sensing in silicon nanodimer.

Unidirectional scattering, crucial for manipulating light at the nanoscale, has wide-ranging applications from optical manipulation to sensing. While traditionally achieved through interactions between electric multipoles or between electric and magnetic multipoles, reports on unidirectional scattering driven purely by magnetic multipoles are limited. In this study, we undertake a theoretical exploration of transverse unidirectional scattering induced by magnetic multipoles, employing tightly focused azimuthally polarized beams (APBs) in interaction with a silicon nanodimer comprising two non-concentric nanorings.

Quantifying Contributions of Different Repulsion to Film Drainage Time during the Bubble-Solid Surface Attachment and Implications for the Flotation of Fine Particles.

The flotation recovery of fine particles faces serious challenges due to the lack of kinetic energy required for supporting their radial displacement and attachment with bubbles. Generally, the hydrodynamic resistance and repulsive disjoining pressure successively inhibit the liquid outflow intervening between the bubble and solid surfaces. To quantitatively characterize the influence of the main repulsion on film thinning time, experiments have been designed in three different aqueous systems.

Clinical analysis of renal cell carcinoma with intestinal metastasis resulting in small bowel and colon fistula.

An enteric fistula is an abnormal connection between the intestine and other organs and is often caused by inflammation or trauma. Diagnosis and treatment involve imaging and endoscopy. Treatment may include medication and surgery.

Deciphering cell wall sensors enabling the construction of robust P. pastoris for single-cell protein production.

Single-cell protein (SCP) production in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris has the potential to achieve a sustainable protein supply. However, improving the methanol fermentation efficiency and reducing carbon loss has been a long-standing challenge with far-reaching scientific and practical implications. Here, comparative transcriptomics revealed that PAS_0305, a gene directly associated with cell wall thickness under methanol stress, can be used as a target for unlocking cell wall sensors.

Enhancing the Heterologous Expression of a Thermophilic Endoglucanase and Its Cost-Effective Production in Using Multiple Strategies.

Although was successfully used for heterologous gene expression for more than twenty years, many factors influencing protein expression remain unclear. Here, we optimized the expression of a thermophilic endoglucanase from (TtCel45A) for cost-effective production in . To achieve this, we established a multifactorial regulation strategy that involved selecting a genome-editing system, utilizing neutral loci, incorporating multiple copies of the heterologous expression cassette, and optimizing high-density fermentation for the co-production of single-cell protein (SCP).

Broadband transverse unidirectional scattering and large range nanoscale displacement measuring based on the interaction between a tightly focused azimuthally polarized beam and a silicon hollow nanostructure.

We theoretically propose a broadband transverse unidirectional scattering scheme based on the interaction between a tightly focused azimuthally polarized beam (APB) and a silicon hollow nanostructure. When the nanostructure is located at a specific position in the focal plane of the APB, the transverse scattering fields can be decomposed into contributions from transverse components of the electric dipoles, longitudinal components of magnetic dipoles and magnetic quadrupole components. In order to satisfy the transverse Kerker conditions for these multipoles within a wide infrared spectrum, we design a novel nanostructure with hollow parallelepiped shape.

Study on Key Drivers and Collaborative Management Strategies for Construction and Demolition Waste Utilization in New Urban District Development: From a Social Network Perspective.

Construction and demolition waste (C&DW) during new district development shows the characteristics of large quantity, concentrated distribution, and long duration on both supply and demand sides. The construction of the new district has objective conditions to promote the scale development of recycling industries and achieve green development through local digestion, so the recycling indicators for the new district proposed by the government are generally higher than those of other regions. However, many new districts have yet to systematically identify key drivers (KDs) of recycling and form win-win governance mechanisms with multiple government and market subjects, resulting in uncontrolled accumulation or high-cost discard of C&DW.

Ultrahigh-Throughput Screening of High-β-Xylosidase-Producing and Investigation of the Novel β-Xylosidase Characteristics.

A droplet-based microfluidic ultrahigh-throughput screening technology has been developed for the selection of high-β-xylosidase-producing W6 from the atmospheric and room-temperature plasma-mutated library of . β-xylosidase hyperproducers filamentous fungi, W6, exhibited an increase in β-xylosidase activity by 7.1-fold.

Trifunctional Electrolyte Additive Hexadecyltrioctylammonium Iodide for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries with Extended Cycle Life.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery with a very high theoretical energy density (∼2500 Wh kg) is a very promising alternative to the commercial lithium-ion battery as the next-generation energy storage device. However, the Li-S battery suffers from shuttle effect and Li dendrites growth due to the solubility of polysulfides in the electrolyte system and the inhomogeneous deposition of Li, resulting in short cycling life span, which is the major obstacle in its practical application. Herein, we report an additive, hexadecyltrioctylammonium iodide (HTOA-I), in the conventional electrolyte system, which shows trifunctional effect on extending Li-S battery cycle life.

Graphene-enabled electrically tunability of metalens in the terahertz range.

In general, the functions of most metalenses cannot be adjusted dynamically after being fabricated. Here, we theoretically propose an electrically tunable metalens composed of single-layered and non-structured doped graphene loaded with ribbon-shaped metallic strip arrays with varied widths and gaps. The combination of the different widths and gaps can provide full phase coverage from 0 to 2π, which is necessary for a plane wave to be focused.

A phytic acid derived LiMnFePO/Carbon composite of high energy density for lithium rechargeable batteries.

A composite of olivine lithium manganese iron phosphate (LiMnFePO), external carbon coating and internal embedded carbon flakes, EC-IC-LMFP, is prepared by using phytic acid (PhyA) as phosphorus source via solvothermal process followed by calcination. The composite with improved electronic conductivity and ion diffusivity presents an ultrahigh reversible specific capacity of 193 mAh g at 0.1 C, and an excellent cycling stability of 93% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1 C when applied as a cathode material for Li-ion batteries (LIBs).