Safety and immunogenicity of a skin- and neuro-attenuated live vaccine for varicella: a randomized, double-blind, controlled, dose-escalation and age de-escalation phase 1 clinical trial.

Background: Despite the success in decreasing varicella-related disease burden, live-attenuated Oka vaccine strain of varicella-zoster virus (vOka) remains neuro-virulence and may establish latency and reactivate, raising safety concerns. Here we aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a skin- and neuro-attenuated varicella vaccine candidate (v7D).

Methods: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation and age de-escalation phase 1 clinical trial conducted in Liuzhou, China (ChiCTR1900022284).

Safety and immunogenicity of a bivalent HPV16/18 vaccine in Chinese females.

As global supply is still inadequate to address the worldwide requirements for HPV vaccines, we assessed the safety and immunogenicity of a new bivalent HPV16/18 vaccine. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial, healthy 9-45-year-old Chinese females in three age cohorts (600 aged 9-17 years; 240 aged 18-26 years; 360 aged 27-45 years) were randomized 1:1 to receive three doses (0,2,6 months) of HPV16/18 vaccine or placebo. We measured neutralizing antibodies against HPV 16 and 18 at 7 months and monitored safety to 12 months in all age cohorts; 9-17-year-old girls were monitored for safety and immunogenicity to 48 months.

Evaluation of the immunization effectiveness of bOPV booster immunization and IPV revaccination.

To provide a basis for further optimization of the polio sequential immunization schedule, this study evaluated the effectiveness of booster immunization with one dose of bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV) at 48 months of age after different primary polio immunization schedules. At 48 months of age, one dose of bOPV was administered, and their poliovirus types 1-3 (PV1, PV2, and PV3, respectively)-specific neutralizing antibody levels were determined. Participants found to be negative for any type of PV-specific neutralizing antibody at 24, 36, or 48 months of age were re-vaccinated with inactivated polio vaccine (IPV).

Burden and etiology of moderate and severe diarrhea in children less than 5 years of age living in north and south of China: Prospective, population-based surveillance.

Background: Diarrhea remains the leading cause of childhood illness in China. Better understanding of burden and etiology of diarrheal diseases is important for development of effective prevention measures.

Methods: Population-based diarrhea surveillance was conducted in Sanjiang (southern China) year-round and Zhengding (northern China) in autumn/winter.

G2 rotavirus within an emergent VP7 evolutionary lineage circulating in children with acute diarrhea in Guangxi Province of China, 2014.

Routine surveillance revealed that the prevalence of P[4] rotaviruses circulating in children with acute diarrhea in Guangxi Province, China, increased in 2014. However, VP7 genotyping for these P[4] rotaviruses was unsuccessful. Exhaustive database searching and sequence analysis indicated that the G genotype of these P[4] rotaviruses was G2, and the VP7 genes clustered with recently emerging G2 strains in several countries within an emergent evolutionary lineage that was distinct from the previously designated lineages I-IV as well as lineage V including porcine rotaviruses.

Reactogenicity and safety of a liquid human rotavirus vaccine (RIX4414) in healthy adults, children and infants in China: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase I studies.

We report the findings of three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase I studies undertaken to support licensure of the liquid formulation of the human G1P[8] rotavirus (RV) vaccine (RIX4414; GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA) in China. Healthy adults aged 18-45 y (n=48) and children aged 2-6 y (n=50) received a single dose of the human RV vaccine or placebo. Healthy infants (n=50) aged 6-16 weeks at the time of first vaccination received two oral doses of the human RV vaccine or placebo according to a 0, 1 mo schedule.

[Study on the status of infection and distribution of rabies virus in China].

Objective: To investigate the status of infection and distribution of rabies virus (RV) in different epidemic areas in China.

Methods: Brain specimens from animals and suspected patients were collected at the districts of high-, medium- and low incidence rates of human rabies and detected by both direct Immunofluorescence assay (DFA) and RT-PCR.

Results: 254 of 3007 specimens of dog brains showed RV positive by DFA (positive rate of 8.

[Analysis of human rabies high-occurrence factors in Guangxi from 2004 to 2008].

Objective: Analysis the epidemiological characteristics on rabies cases occurred in Guangxi from 2004 to 2008 and summarize the result of healthy-dog infection rabies virus investigation from 2006 to 2008. Exploring the high-occurrence and correlated factors on rabies in Guangxi.

Methods: Data collected from the National Disease Surveillance System and the National Active Surveillance System for Rabies from 2004 to 2008 and Data of healthy-dog infection rabies virus investigation from 2006 to 2008 were analyzed.

Epidemiological investigations of human rabies in China.

Background: The epidemic of rabies showed a rising trend in China in recent years. To identify the potential factors involved in the emergence, we investigated and analyzed the status and characteristics of human rabies between 1996 and 2008. Moreover, the status of rabies infection and vaccination in dogs, and prophylaxis of humans after rabies exposure were analyzed.

Molecular epidemiology of rabies in Southern People's Republic of China.

In recent years, the number of human rabies cases in the People's Republic of China has increased during severe epidemics in 3 southern provinces (Guizhou, Guangxi, and Hunan). To analyze the causes of the high incidence of human rabies in this region, during 2005-2007, we collected 2,887 brain specimens from apparently healthy domestic dogs used for meat consumption in restaurants, 4 specimens from suspected rabid dogs, and 3 from humans with rabies in the 3 provinces. Partial nucleoprotein gene sequences were obtained from rabies-positive specimens.

[Characterization of rabies virus phosphoprotein in high prevalence provinces of China].

Objective: Characterization of rabies virus phosphoprotein through analyzation of genetic variations about rabies virus phosphoproteins in high-incidence regions in China.

Methods: The nucleotide sequence of the P gene of Guangxi, Guizhou and Hunan provinces positive sample's were sequenced, and the P region's similarity and phylogenetic analyses were completed by using softer wares.

Results: The similarity of P region's nucleotide sequence is 82.

[Survey and anslysis of infection rate of dog rabies in the regions with high incidence of human rabies].

Objective: To investigate the situation of dog rabies and analyze it's relationship with human rabies.

Methods: In Guizhou, Guangxi and Hunan provinces which suffered from rabies most heavily, one or two cities were selected respectively from regions with high-, middle-, low-incidence rate of human rabies as investigation spots where Dogs' brain specimens were collected and detected with both direct immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and RT-PCR.

Results: A total of 2887 specimens were collected and 66 of these were positive for IFA and RT-PCR.

[A research on rotaviral diarrhea outbreak in Guangxi Province].

Objective: To analyze epidemiological characters of an outbreak of rotavirus diarrhea in Daxing County, Guangxi Province.

Methods: Rotavirus-positive specimens were identified by ELISA kit. G/P typing assays were confirmed with multiplex seminested RT-PCR.

[Study on the variations of hepatitis B virus status among people having received hepatitis B vaccine].

Objective: To study the epidemiological pattern and trends of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the area where people had been immunized by HBV vaccine for long time.

Methods: Through cluster sampling and cross-sectional study, relative information and blood samples from people in Long-an county by families were collected. Signals of HBV infection were tested by solid-phase reverse immunosorbent test.

[Variations of hepatitis B virus infection epidemic pattern after long-term HBV vaccine immunization].

Objective: To study the epidemic pattern and trend of HBV infection in the area where the people had been immunized by HBV vaccine for 20 years.

Methods: The whole sampling method was applied in combination with cross-sectional investigation. Blood samples were taken from every member of families.

[Analysis on the factors related to rabies epidemic in China, in 2005].

Objective: To analyse the related epidemic factors of rabies and to provide basic evidence for developing rabies control and prevention programs in China.

Methods: Possible factors that causing rabies epidemics in the southern part of China were obtained through collecting both epidemic and surveillance data of rabies in 2005, and to analyse every factor by software of Excel 2002.

Results: The number of rabies cases was 2548 in 2005.