Hemorrhages and risk factors in patients undergoing thromboprophylaxis in a respiratory critical care unit: a secondary data analysis of a cohort study.

Objective: To verify whether the bleeding risk assessment guidelines from the 9th American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) are prognostic for respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) patients and to explore risk factors for hemorrhages, we conducted a secondary data analysis based on our previously published cohort study of venous thromboembolism.

Patients And Methods: We performed a secondary data analysis on the single-center prospective cohort from our previous study. Patients admitted to the RICU at Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital from August 1, 2014 to December 31, 2020 were included and followed up until discharge.

Long-term outcomes of survivors with influenza A H1N1 virus-induced severe pneumonia and ARDS: a single-center prospective cohort study.

Introduction: Systematic evaluation of long-term outcomes in survivors of H1N1 is still lacking. This study aimed to characterize long-term outcomes of severe H1N1-induced pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Method: This was a single-center, prospective, cohort study.

MiR-150 levels are related to in-hospital mortality in non-HIV Pneumocystis pneumonia patients.

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a common opportunistic infection that occurs in immunocompromised patients. Compared with HIV patients, PCP in non-HIV patients tends to follow up a more urgent course and poorer prognosis. Therefore, markers that could predict survival of PCP patients in non-HIV population are of great value.

The systemic immune-inflammation index is significantly associated with the severity of silicosis: a 9-year retrospective study in Beijing.

Background: Silicosis shows an increasing trend with the development of new industries. However, the potential biomarkers for predicting the disease severity are lacking. A novel inflammatory marker, the systemic immune-inflammation Index (SII), has not been studied in silicosis.

Dynamics of host immune responses and a potential function of Trem2 interstitial macrophages in Pneumocystis pneumonia.

Background: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a life-threatening opportunistic fungal infection with a high mortality rate in immunocompromised patients, ranging from 20 to 80%. However, current understanding of the variation in host immune response against Pneumocystis across different timepoints is limited.

Methods: In this study, we conducted a time-resolved single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of CD45 cells sorted from lung tissues of mice infected with Pneumocystis.

Characteristics and prognostic implications of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in patients with anti-MDA5 antibody positive dermatomyositis-interstitial lung disease.

Objectives: To examine the characteristics of blood lymphocyte subsets in dermatomyositis-interstitial lung disease (DM-ILD) inflicted patients with positive anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (anti-MDA5), as well as its prognosis value in this set of patients.

Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from 253 DM-ILD patients from three hospitals in China between January 2016 to January 2021. Patients were grouped into anti-MDA5 antibody positive group (MDA5 DM-ILD) and anti-MDA5 antibody negative group (MDA5 DM-ILD) based on myositis-specific autoantibody test results.

Psittacosis caused severe community-acquired pneumonia accompanied by acute hypoxic respiratory failure: a multicenter retrospective cohort study from China.

Introduction: Psittacosis can cause severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The clinical manifestations of psittacosis range from subclinical to fulminant psittacosis with multi-organ failure. It is essential to summarize the clinical characteristic of patients with severe psittacosis accompanied by acute hypoxic respiratory failure (AHRF).

Metabolomic Profiling of Lungs from Mice Reveals the Variability of Metabolites in Infection and the Metabolic Abnormalities in BAFF-R-Deficient Mice.

Purpose: The incidence of pneumonia (PCP) in patients without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been increasing. In this study, we aimed to investigate the metabolic changes in infection and the metabolic abnormalities in B-cell-activating factor receptor (BAFF-R)-deficient mice with infection.

Methods: The important function of B cells during infection is increasingly recognized.

Modern thromboprophylaxis protocol based on guidelines applied in a respiratory intensive care unit: a single-center prospective cohort study.

Background: Critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICUs) are at high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). This study aimed to explore the prophylaxis effect under a guideline-based thromboprophylaxis protocol among critically ill patients in a respiratory ICU.

Methods: For this single-center prospective cohort study, we followed the thromboprophylaxis protocol, which was drawn up based on relevant guidelines and Chinese experts' advice.

Analysis of lncRNA and mRNA Repertoires in Lung From BAFF-R-Deficient -Infected Mice.

Background: pneumonia (PCP) is a common medical issue in immunosuppressive patients. Increasing evidence supports that B cells may play an essential role in PCP individuals. The present study aims to integrate lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles and further investigate the molecular function of mature B cells in PCP.

Proteomic Profiling and Functional Analysis of B Cell-Derived Exosomes upon Infection.

is a life-threatening fungal pathogen that frequently causes fatal pneumonia (PCP) in immunocompromised individuals. Recently, B cells have been reported to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PCP through producing antibodies and activating CD4 T cell response. Exosomes are nanoscale small extracellular vesicles abundant with protein cargo and can mediate immune response during infectious disease.

Modified high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy versus conventional oxygen therapy in patients undergoing bronchoscopy: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Hypoxemia frequently occurs during bronchoscopy. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy may be a feasible alternative to prevent the deterioration of gas exchange during bronchoscopy. With the convenience of clinical use in mind, we modified an HFNC using a single cannula.

Retrospective Study of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients With and Without Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support in Wuhan, China.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) might benefit critically ill COVID-19 patients. But the considerations besides indications guiding ECMO initiation under extreme pressure during the COVID-19 epidemic was not clear. We aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and in-hospital mortality of severe critically ill COVID-19 patients supported with ECMO and without ECMO, exploring potential parameters for guiding the initiation during the COVID-19 epidemic.

An update of the long-term outcome of patients with nonspecific pleurisy at medical thoracoscopy.

Background: Medical thoracoscopy (MT) is recommended in patients with undiagnosed exudative pleural effusion and offers a degree of diagnostic sensitivity for pleural malignancy. However, not all patients who undergo MT receive an exact diagnosis. Our previous investigation from 2014 summarized the long-term outcomes of these patients with nonspecific pleurisy (NSP); now, we offer updated data with the goal of refining our conclusions.

Rapid-flow expulsion maneuver in subglottic secretion clearance to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia: a randomized controlled study.

Background: Following endotracheal intubation, clearing secretions above the endotracheal tube cuff decreases the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP); therefore, subglottic secretion drainage (SSD) is widely advocated. Our group developed a novel technique to remove the subglottic secretions, the rapid-flow expulsion maneuver (RFEM). The objective of this study was to explore the effectiveness and safety of RFEM compared with SSD.

Signatures of B Cell Receptor Repertoire Following Infection.

B cells play vital roles in host defense against infection. However, the features of the B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire in disease progression remain unclear. Here, we integrated single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell BCR sequencing of immune cells from mouse lungs in an uninfected state and 1-4 weeks post-infection in order to illustrate the dynamic nature of B cell responses during infection.

Ventilation improvement after pneumonia treatment evaluated with electrical impedance tomography: an observational study.

Due to radiation exposure, not all patients with pneumonia receive chest x-rays or CT measurements to confirm treatment effectiveness. The aim of this study was to examine the ability to use electrical impedance tomography (EIT) to evaluate the treatment effectiveness in such patient group.A total of 35 consecutive patients with non-severe pneumonia were included in this prospective study.

Single-Cell TCR Sequencing Reveals the Dynamics of T Cell Repertoire Profiling During Infection.

T cell responses play critical roles in host adaptive immunity against . However, the dynamics and diversity of the T cell immune repertoire in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative pneumonia (PCP) remains unclear. In this study, single-cell RNA and single-cell T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing were applied to cells sorted from lung tissues of mice infected with .

Th17 cells are involved in mouse chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.

Background: The incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) has increased in the last two decades. The mechanism underpinning susceptibility to and high mortality of COPD complicated with IPA is unclear, and the role of T helper cells 17 (Th17 cells) in the compound disease remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the function of Th17 cells in COPD combined with IPA.

High-Flow Nasal Cannula for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Acute Compensated Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Currently, there is a lack of evidence on the utilization of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) accompanied by hypercapnic respiratory failure. We aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of HFNC compared with conventional oxygen therapy (COT) in such patients.

Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

Value of virtual bronchoscopic navigation and transbronchial ultrasound-guided sheath-guided exploration in diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer.

Background: Peripheral lung cancer poses a substantial harm to human health, and it is easy to become exacerbated, potentially threatening the life and safety of patients.

Aim: To assess the value of virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) combined with transbronchial ultrasound-guided sheath-guided (EBUS-GS) exploration in the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer.

Methods: A total of 236 patients with peripheral lung cancer (nodule diameter range, 8-30 mm; diagnosed using high-resolution computed tomography) were selected from three centers between October 2018 and December 2019.

Comparison of Hospitalized Patients With ARDS Caused by COVID-19 and H1N1.

Background: Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China in December 2019, considerable attention has been focused on its elucidation. However, it is also important for clinicians and epidemiologists to differentiate COVID-19 from other respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza viruses.

Research Question: The aim of this study was to explore the different clinical presentations between COVID-19 and influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia in patients with ARDS.

PD-1 Deficiency Promotes Macrophage Activation and T-Helper Cell Type 1/T-Helper Cell Type 17 Response in Pneumonia.

is an unusual, opportunistic fungal pathogen capable of causing pneumonia (PCP) in immunocompromised hosts. Although PCP was discovered >100 years ago, its pathogenesis remains unclear. The inhibitory receptor PD-1 (programmed death 1), a negative regulator of activated T cells, has been reported to take part in tumor escape, immune tolerance, and infection immunity.