Tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomic analysis of Cryptosporidium andersoni oocysts before and after excystation.

Background: Cryptosporidium andersoni initiates infection by releasing sporozoites from oocysts through excystation. However, the proteins involved in excystation are unknown. Determining the proteins that participate in the excystation of C.

Chalcone-Based Pyridinium Salts and Their Diastereoselective Dearomatization To Access Bibridged Benzoazepines.

New chalcone-based pyridinium salts have been successfully exploited, which could smoothly participate in the highly diastereoselective dearomatization with binucleophilic enaminones by taking advantage of their multiple reactive sites to construct bibridged benzoazepines in up to 89% yields. The key to the success was the skillful and unprecedented C-3 functionalization of the new pyridinium salts. This work not only provides a kind of novel pyridinium salt synthon but also achieves the first C-3 functionalization of pyridinium salts to construct complex and challenging bibridged benzoazepines with high synthetic efficiency.

Genotyping and Zoonotic Potential of in Pigs in Xinjiang, China.

is an obligate intracellular fungus, infecting various invertebrate and vertebrate hosts, it is common in humans and causes diarrhea in the immunocompromised. In the present study, 801 fecal specimens were collected from pigs on seven large-scale pig farms in Xinjiang, China. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene showed that the overall i infection rate was 48.

Carnosic acid protects mice from high-fat diet-induced NAFLD by regulating MARCKS.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprises a spectrum of liver damage characterized by abnormal hepatic fat accumulation and inflammatory response. Although the molecular mechanisms responsible for the disease are not yet fully understood, the pathogenesis of NAFLD likely involves multiple signals. The identification of effective therapeutic strategies to target these signals is of utmost importance.

Vitamin D deficiency causes insulin resistance by provoking oxidative stress in hepatocytes.

Vitamin D deficiency could cause insulin resistance. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The 1α-Hydroxylase ["1α(OH)ase"] is a key enzyme for activate vitamin D3 synthesis.

Insulin resistance in vitamin D-deficient mice is alleviated by n-acetylcysteine.

Vitamin D deficiency will lead to insulin resistance. In the current study, vitamin D3 1α-Hydroxylase ["1α(OH)ase"] knockout mice were generated to mimic vitamin D deficiency . As compared to the wild-type mice, the liver tissues of the knockout mice showed impaired insulin signaling, decreased glucose transporter 4 expression and increased reactive oxygen species production.

Assessment of GSK1904529A as a promising anti-osteosarcoma agent.

The insulin growth factor-I receptor (IGF1R) signaling is a key mechanism for osteosarcoma (OS) cell proliferation. GSK1904529A is a novel small molecule IGF1R kinase inhibitor. Its activity against OS cells was tested.

Report on childhood obesity in China (8): effects and sustainability of physical activity intervention on body composition of Chinese youth.

Objectives: To determine whether a large-scale physical activity intervention could affect body composition in primary school students in Beijing, China.

Methods: The study design was one-year cluster randomized controlled trial of physical activity intervention (20 min of daily exercise in the classroom) with an additional year of follow-up among 4 700 students aged 8-11 years at baseline.

Results: After the one-year intervention, BMI increased by 0.

[Study on the relation between anthropometric parameters and lipids profiles].

Objective: To study the relations between anthropometric parameters [body mass index (BMI), percent of body fat, waist circumference] and blood lipids of urban children in Beijing and to compare the ability of prediction effect of waist circumference, percent body fat and BMI on lipid profiles.

Methods: 852 children aged 9-10 were recruited with multi-stage sampling. Serum lipids of children were measured using automatic biochemical instrument.

Report on childhood obesity in China (6) evaluation of a classroom-based physical activity promotion program.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of Happy 10 program on the promotion of physical activity, physical growth and development of primary-school students, and on obesity control and prevention.

Methods: Two similar primary schools from one district of Beijing, China were selected, one as an intervention school and the other as a control school. Happy 10 program was implemented at least once every school day in the intervention school for two semesters, whereas no intervention was adopted in the control school.

Report on childhood obesity in China (5) body weight, body dissatisfaction, and depression symptoms of Chinese children aged 9-10 years.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between body weight, body dissatisfaction and depression symptoms among Chinese children.

Methods: The fasting body weight and height of the third and fourth grade students (n = 3886, aged 9 or 10 years) from 20 schools in Beijing, China, were measured, and the students were asked to choose the figures of body image and to complete the self-reported children's depression inventory (CDI) questionnaire.

Results: The CDI Cronbach's alpha was 0.

Report on childhood obesity in China (2). Verification of BMI classification reference for overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents.

Objective: To verify Working Group for Obesity in China (WGOC) recommended body mass index (BMI) classification reference for overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents using the data of 2002 China Nationwide Nutrition and Health Survey.

Methods: Pediatric metabolic syndrome (MetS) and abnormality of each risk factor for MetS were defined using the criteria for US adolescents. Definition of hyper-TC, LDL, and dyslipidemia in adults was applied as well.

[Study on weight and height of the Chinese people and the differences between 1992 and 2002].

Objective: To describe the current situation and trends of mean weight and height of the Chinese people.

Methods: Subjects of 71,971 households from 31 provinces were selected by stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Height from 210 136 and weight from 202 749 subjects aged 2-79 years were used to describe their trends of development during 1992-2002.

[Study on the current status and trend of food consumption among Chinese population].

Objective: To describe the current status and trend of food consumption among Chinese residents.

Methods: 23,470 households including 68,962 subjects were randomly sampled from 132 counties in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. A 24-hour dietary recall method for 3 consecutive days was used to collect information on food intake, but the condiment intake was collected by weighting method.

[The current prevalence status of body overweight and obesity in China: data from the China National Nutrition and Health Survey].

Objective: To study on the prevalence of body overweight and obesity in China and its distribution in age, sex and economic development status.

Methods: A total of 209,849 in all ages from the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey (NNAHS) database were analyzed. The year 2000 population census data was used for age standardization.

[The prevalence of body overweight and obesity and its changes among Chinese people during 1992 to 2002].

Objective: To describe the prevalence of body overweight and obesity and its changes among Chinese people during 1992-2002, and to provide scientific basis for developing intervention strategies for obesity in China.

Methods: The data from "1992 China third National Nutrition Survey" (78,704 subjects, 38,323 male and 40,381 female) and from "2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey" (209,849 subjects, 101,377 male and 108,472 female) were used in this study. The overweight and obesity were defined by using WHO Z-score criteria for children younger than 7 years old, Chinese age-, sex-specific BMI criteria for children aged 7-17 years, and Chinese BMI criteria for adults.