[Retracted] Anticancer activity of taraxerol acetate in human glioblastoma cells and a mouse xenograft model via induction of autophagy and apoptotic cell death, cell cycle arrest and inhibition of cell migration.

Following the publication of the above paper, a concerned reader drew to the Editor's attention that several figures (Figs. 3, 4, 7 and 10) contained apparent anomalies, including repeated patternings of data within the same figure panels. Furthermore, Fig.

Analysis of the diffusion tensor imaging parameters of a normal cervical spinal cord in a healthy population.

Background: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) shows great advantage in the diagnosis of brain diseases, including cervical spinal cord (CSC) disease. This study aims to obtain the normal values of the DTI parameters for a healthy population and to establish a baseline for CSC disease diagnosis using DTI.

Methods: A total of 36 healthy adults were subjected to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the entire CSC using the Siemens 3.

Changes of MDA and SOD in Brain Tissue after Secondary Brain Injury with Seawater Immersion in Rats.

Aim: To investigate the variation and significance of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in brain tissue after secondary brain injury (SBI) with seawater immersion in rats.

Material And Methods: We randomly divided 163 male Sprague Dawley rats into 4 groups, as normal (Group A), SBI (Group B), SBI with physiological saline immersion (Group C) and SBI with seawater immersion (Group D) groups. The animal model of ischemic SBI with seawater immersion was established based on the Marmarou's model of diffuse brain injury.

Anticancer activity of taraxerol acetate in human glioblastoma cells and a mouse xenograft model via induction of autophagy and apoptotic cell death, cell cycle arrest and inhibition of cell migration.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo anticancer and apoptotic effects of taraxerol acetate in U87 human glioblastoma cells. The effects on cell cycle phase distribution, cell cycle-associated proteins, autophagy, DNA fragmentation and cell migration were assessed. Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay, and phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy was utilized to determine the viability and apoptotic morphological features of the U87 cells.

New learning and memory related pathways among the hippocampus, the amygdala and the ventromedial region of the striatum in rats.

Background: The hippocampus, central amygdaloid nucleus and the ventromedial region (marginal division) of the striatum have been reported to be involved in the mechanism of learning and memory. This study aimed elucidating anatomical and functional connections among these brain areas during learning and memory.

Results: In the first part of this study, the c-Fos protein was used to explore functional connections among these structures.

Polymorphism of the RAGE affects the serum inflammatory levels and risk of ischemic stroke in a Chinese population.

Background: Increasing evidence shows that inflammation plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of acute ischemic stroke. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has been documented to involve in the pathogenic mechanisms of a variety of neurological diseases, including ischemic stroke (IS). However, the impact of RAGE gene polymorphisms on the susceptibility to IS has not been reported.

Surgical therapy for craniocerebral firearm injury.

Aim: The current study aims to explore the clinical characteristics of craniocerebral firearm injury and to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.

Material And Methods: Data from 56 patients with craniocerebral firearm injury were analyzed retrospectively for projectile types, traumatic conditions, and treatment approaches.

Results: 43 patients exhibited intracranial foreign body residence.

The effect of galectin-3 genetic variants on the susceptibility and prognosis of gliomas in a Chinese population.

The aim of this study is to explore the association between the polymorphisms of galectin-3 gene and clinico-pathological characteristics and prognosis of gliomas. We enrolled 190 histologically diagnosed gliomas and 210 healthy controls in this study. Two genetic variants at galectin-3 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites (galectin-3 +191 A>C and +292 A>C) were determined.