Conjugated Linoleic Acid Reduces Lipid Accumulation via Down-regulation Expression of Lipogenic Genes and Up-regulation of Apoptotic Genes in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Adipocyte In Vitro.

The relationship between conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and lipogenesis has been extensively studied in mammals and some cell lines, but it is relatively rare in fish, and the potential mechanism of action of CLA reducing fat mass remains unclear. The established primary culture model for studying lipogenesis in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) preadipocytes was used in the present study, and the objective was to explore the effects of CLA on intracellular lipid and TG content, fatty acid composition, and mRNA levels of adipogenesis transcription factors, lipase, and apoptosis genes in grass carp adipocytes in vitro. The results showed that CLA reduced the size of adipocyte and lipid droplet and decreased the content of intracellular lipid and TG, which was accompanied by a significant down-regulation of mRNA abundance in transcriptional regulators including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α, sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 1c, lipase genes including fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), lipoprotein lipase (LPL).

Penicillium marneffei infection within an osteolytic lesion in an HIV-negative patient.

Penicillium marneffei is a thermally dimorphic pathogenic fungus that causes systemic infection similar to disseminated cryptococcosis. P. marneffei is endemic in Southeast Asia, usually infecting HIV-infected individuals; infection of HIV-negative individuals is extremely rare.

[Cigarette smoking coacervate up-regulates the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase in alveolar epithelial cells mediated by activator protein-1].

Objective: To investigate the effects of cigarette smoking coacervate (CSC) on the expression and activation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), a rate-limitating enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (reduced form).

Methods: Rat alveolar epithelial cells of the line CCL149 were cultured and exposed to CSC of the concentrations of 10, 1, and 0.1 microg/ml for 1, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours respectively.

[Effects of erythromycin on hydrogen peroxide-induced interleukin-8 synthesis and regulation of glutathione in human bronchial epithelial cells].

Objective: To study the effects of erythromycin on Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced interleukin-8 synthesis and regulation of glutathione in human bronchial epithelial cells.

Methods: Human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) growth curve was recorded by MTT, cells were divided into three groups (1) control (incubation for 24, 36, 48) (2) H2O2 (Pre-incubation for 24, 36, 48 h before adding H2O2 (3) H2O2 + EM (Pre-incubation EM for 24, 36, 48 h before adding H2O2). IL-8 levels were measured in culture supernatants by ELISA, activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB and AP-1 in HBE was evaluated by Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA).