Estrogen restores disordered lipid metabolism in visceral fat of prediabetic mice.

Background: Visceral obesity is increasingly prevalent among adolescents and young adults and is commonly recognized as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Estrogen [17β-estradiol (E2)] is known to offer protection against obesity diverse me-chanisms, while its specific effects on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) remain to be fully elucidated.

Aim: To investigate the impact of E2 on the gene expression profile within VAT of a mouse model of prediabetes.

Anti-inflammatory effects of guggulsterone on murine macrophage by inhibiting LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines in NF-κB signaling pathway.

The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of guggulsterone (GS) on proinflammatory responses as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms in macrophage upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Effects of GS on viability of Raw264.7 cells were examined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.