Publications by authors named "Zhao-Shi Xu"

Wheat growth process has been experiencing severe challenges arising from the adverse environment. Notably, the incidence of Fusarium crown rot (FCR), a severe soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum (Fp), has significantly intensified in various wheat-growing regions, resulting in a decline in grain yield. However, the identification of wheat varieties and the exploration of effective gene resources resistant to FCR have not yet been accomplished.

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Article Synopsis
  • Heat stress significantly affects soybean growth and production, and while brassinosteroids (BRs) are known to aid in plant responses to stresses, their specific mechanisms in soybeans under heat stress are not well understood.
  • The study focuses on two genes, GmBSK1 and GmBES1.5, and investigates their regulatory roles through methods like transgenic technology and transcriptome analysis to understand how they help soybean plants cope with heat stress.
  • Results indicate that GmBSK1 enhances the function of GmBES1.5, which increases heat resilience in soybeans, providing insights for developing heat-tolerant soybean crops through this gene regulatory network.
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Phosphate deficiency and drought are significant environmental constraints that impact both the productivity and quality of wheat. The interaction between phosphorus and water facilitates their mutual absorption processes in plants. Under conditions of both phosphorus deficiency and drought stress, we observed a significant upregulation in the expression of wheat MYB-CC transcription factors through the transcriptome analysis.

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Sterols have long been associated with diverse fields, such as cancer treatment, drug development, and plant growth; however, their underlying mechanisms and functions remain enigmatic. Here, we unveil a critical role played by a GmNF-YC9-mediated CCAAT-box transcription complex in modulating the steroid metabolism pathway within soybeans. Specifically, this complex directly activates squalene monooxygenase (GmSQE1), which is a rate-limiting enzyme in steroid synthesis.

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Adaptation to drought and salt stresses is a fundamental part of plant cell physiology and is of great significance for crop production under environmental stress. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that play a crucial role in folding, assembling, translocating, and degrading proteins. However, their underlying mechanisms and functions in stress tolerance remain elusive.

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is a soil bacteria with extensive infectivity, which can infect almost all dicotyledonous plants and a few monocotyledonous plants to induce root nodules. This is caused by the root-inducing plasmid, which contains genes responsible for the autonomous growth of root nodules and crown gall base synthesis. Structurally, it is similar to the tumor-inducing plasmid in that it mainly contains the Vir region, the T-DNA region, and the functional region of crown gall base synthesis.

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R2R3-MYB transcription factors play an important role in the synthesis of phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, which in turn provide salt tolerance in plant. In this study, we found that the expression of foxtail millet R2R3-MYB factor SiMYB16 can be induced by salt and drought. SiMYB16 is localized in the nucleus and acts as a transcriptional activator.

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Despite their essential and multiple roles in biological processes, the molecular mechanism of Dof transcription factors (TFs) for responding to abiotic stresses is rarely reported in plants. We identified a soybean Dof gene GmDof41 which was involved in the responses to drought, salt, and exogenous ABA stresses. Overexpression of GmDof41 in soybean transgenic hairy roots attenuated HO accumulation and regulated proline homeostasis, resulting in the drought and salt tolerance.

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Article Synopsis
  • Abscisic acid (ABA) receptors play a crucial role in adjusting ABA sensitivity and water usage in plants, impacting their growth and stress response.
  • Overexpression of TaMPK3 in wheat reduces drought tolerance and sensitivity to ABA, resulting in poorer growth and survival rates under drought conditions.
  • The interaction between TaMPK3 and TaPYL4 affects ABA signaling, suggesting that this mechanism serves as a regulatory balance for plant growth during drought stress.
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Tubby-like proteins (TLPs) are transcription factors that are widely present in eukaryotes and generally participate in growth and developmental processes. Using genome databases, a total of 22 putative genes were identified in the soybean genome, and unevenly distributed across 13 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the predicted GmTLP proteins were divided into five groups (I-V).

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  • TIFY proteins are important for how plants respond to stress from drought, salt, and chemical signals, but their specific functions in these situations are not yet fully understood.
  • Research identified 38 genes that are notably more active under salt stress, particularly those from a homologous group, which seem to have a stronger response compared to others.
  • Overexpressing specific TIFY genes in soybean enhanced salt tolerance, leading to better growth and improved stress-related biochemical markers, while silencing these genes made the plants more sensitive to salt.
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Salt tolerance during seed germination is essential for seedling establishment under salt stress. Sirtuin-like proteins, NAD -dependent histone deacetylases, are involved in plant responses to abiotic stresses; however, the regulatory mechanism remains unknown. We elucidated the mechanism underlying AtSRT2 (a sirtuin-like protein)-mediated regulation of salt tolerance during seed germination in Arabidopsis.

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Abiotic stresses induce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and significantly affect plant growth. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) plays an important role in controlling intracellular and extracellular ROS signals. However, the interaction between PP2A, ROS, and stress tolerance remains largely unclear.

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A soybean elongation factor Tu family (EF-Tu) protein, GmEF8, was determined to interact with GmCBL1, and GmEF8 expression was found to be induced by various abiotic stresses such as drought and heat. An ortholog of GmEF8 was identified in Arabidopsis, a T-DNA knockout line for which exhibited hypersensitivity to drought and heat stresses. Complementation with GmEF8 rescued the sensitivity of the Arabidopsis mutant to drought and heat stresses, and GmEF8 overexpression conferred drought and heat tolerance to transgenic Arabidopsis plants.

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DEAD-box RNA helicases constitute the largest subfamily of RNA helicase superfamily 2 (SF2), and play crucial roles in plant growth, development, and abiotic stress responses. Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops in worldwide, and abiotic stresses greatly restrict its production. So far, the DEAD-box RNA helicase family has yet to be characterized in wheat.

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Calmodulin-binding protein 60 (CBP60) members constitute a plant-specific protein family that plays an important role in plant growth and development. In the soybean genome, nineteen CBP60 members were identified and analyzed for their corresponding sequences and structures to explore their functions. Among GmCBP60A-1, which primarily locates in the cytomembrane, was significantly induced by drought and salt stresses.

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The brassinosteroid pathway promotes a variety of physiological processes in plants and the brassinosteroid insensitive1-ethylmethane sulfonate suppressor (BES)/brassinazole-resistant (BZR) functions as one of its key regulators. We previously showed that the BES/BZR-type transcription factor TaBZR2 mediates the drought stress response in wheat (Triticum aestivum) by directly upregulating the transcriptional activity of glutathione S-transferase 1. However, the function of TaBZR2 in plants under biotic stresses is unknown.

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Drought and salt stresses impose major constraints on soybean production worldwide. However, improving agronomically valuable soybean traits under drought conditions can be challenging due to trait complexity and multiple factors that influence yield. Here, we identified a nuclear factor Y C subunit (NF-YC) family transcription factor member, GmNF-YC14, which formed a heterotrimer with GmNF-YA16 and GmNF-YB2 to activate the GmPYR1-mediated abscisic acid (ABA) signalling pathway to regulate stress tolerance in soybean.

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MADS-box transcription factors play vital roles in multiple biological processes in plants. At present, a comprehensive investigation into the genome-wide identification and classification of genes in foxtail millet ( L.) has not been reported.

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Domain of unknown function 4228 (DUF4228) proteins are a class of proteins widely found in plants, playing an important role in response to abiotic stresses. However, studies on the DUF4228 family in soybean ( L.) are sparse.

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Article Synopsis
  • Abiotic stresses like drought and salinity significantly hinder plant growth and productivity, with the RLK1-like (CrRLK1L) protein kinase family playing a key role in various plant processes.
  • In the study, 38 CrRLK1L genes were identified in the soybean genome and mapped across 14 out of 20 chromosomes, with a majority lacking introns.
  • One particular gene showed high expression under stress conditions and was found to enhance drought and salt tolerance when overexpressed in soybean roots, indicating its potential importance in stress resilience.
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Phospholipase C (PLC) performs significant functions in a variety of biological processes, including plant growth and development. The PLC family of enzymes principally catalyze the hydrolysis of phospholipids in organisms. This exhaustive exploration of soybean GmPLC members using genome databases resulted in the identification of 15 phosphatidylinositol-specific PLC (GmPI-PLC) and 9 phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing PLC (GmNPC) genes.

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  • Researchers identified 180 C2 domain genes in soybeans, revealing their important biological functions and grouping them into three distinct phylogenetic categories based on gene structure and function.
  • * The study found that specific C2 domain genes had heightened expression levels when exposed to stressors like salt, drought, and abscisic acid (ABA), indicating their role in stress response.
  • * Soybean plants with modified hairy roots showed improved tolerance to salt and drought by exhibiting characteristics like delayed leaf rolling and higher proline content, confirming that C2 domain genes enhance stress resilience in soybeans.
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Plant-specific WRKY transcription factors play important roles in regulating the expression of defense-responsive genes against pathogen attack. A multiple stress-responsive WRKY gene, ZmWRKY65, was identified in maize by screening salicylic acid (SA)-induced de novo transcriptomic sequences. The ZmWRKY65 protein was localized in the nucleus of mesophyll protoplasts.

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Article Synopsis
  • A study identified 117 genes in the soybean genome that belong to a plant-specific transcription factor family, relevant for growth, development, and responses to environmental stress.
  • Most of these genes lack intron insertions and many have undergone duplication, with significant expression observed across various soybean tissues under different stress conditions.
  • The research highlights one gene, GmGRAS37, which is upregulated during drought and salt stress, showing improved stress resistance when overexpressed in soybean hairy roots, suggesting its critical role in stress response mechanisms.
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