Field Testing Integrated Interventions for Schistosomiasis Elimination in the People's Republic of China: Outcomes of a Multifactorial Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.

Despite significant progress, China faces the challenge of re-emerging schistosomiasis transmission in currently controlled areas due, in part, to the presence of a range of animal reservoirs, notably water buffalo and cattle, which can harbor infections. Environmental, ecological and social-demographic changes in China, shown to affect the distribution of oncomelanid snails, can also impact future schistosomiasis transmission. In light of their importance in the , lifecycle, vaccination has been proposed as a means to reduce the excretion of egg from cattle and buffalo, thereby interrupting transmission from these reservoir hosts to snails.

[Value and evaluation on multidisciplinary treatment of advanced schistosomiasis].

Advanced schistosomiasis, encompassing a wide range of pathologic entities and multi-complications, poses a serious threat on the patients' health. Through comprehensive analysis and evaluation on related aspects regarding clinical classification, main methods of auxiliary examination and treatment (including types of surgical procedure) of advanced schistosomiasis, we think that the individual based multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment according to varying conditions of patients is the most optimal treatment mode of advanced schistosomiasis. It is further proposed that multidisciplinary collaborative diagnosis and treatment system should be undoubtedly established, multidisciplinary case discussions be regularly organized, and treatment expert teams be stably formed, in order to significantly improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of advanced schistosomiasis, so as to reduce the misdiagnosis and improve the therapeutic effect in advanced schistosomiasis control.

[ snail distribution in working areas of Yangtze River hydrologic agencies located in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River in 2016].

Objective: To understand the snail distribution in the working areas of Yangtze River hydrologic agencies located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in 2016, so as to provide the evidence for assessing the risk of schistosome infection of hydrological workers and establishing the control strategies.

Methods: The suspicious environments with snails in the above working areas were selected as study areas, and the snail situation was surveyed by the system sampling method combined with the environmental sampling method. The survey data were collected and analyzed statistically.

[Evaluation on effect of treatment and assistance to advanced schistosomiasis patients in Hunan Province from 2004 to 2013].

Objective: To comprehensively evaluate the effect of the program of treatment and assistance to advanced schistosomiasis patients in Hunan Province from 2004 to 2013.

Methods: The fund investment of the program, the profits of hospitals and the improvement of the patients' health were investigated by data collection and questionnaire survey. The evaluation index system of treatment and assistance to advanced schistosomiasis in Hunan Province was constructed by the Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process, and the program was assessed comprehensively.

A multi-component integrated approach for the elimination of schistosomiasis in the People's Republic of China: design and baseline results of a 4-year cluster-randomised intervention trial.

Despite major successes in its control over the past 50years, schistosomiasis japonica continues to be a public health problem in the People's Republic of China (P.R. China).

TIAM2 enhances non-small cell lung cancer cell invasion and motility.

Background: TIAM2, a Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor, is closely associated with cell adherence and migration. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of TIAM2 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.

Materials And Methods: A small interference RNA (siRNA) was introduced to silence the expression of TIAM2.

[Distribution of susceptible areas of schistosomiasis outside embankment in Hunan Province, 2011].

Objective: To investigate the current distribution of susceptible areas of schistosomiasis outside embankment, so as to provide the evidence for making comprehensive measures in Hunan Province.

Methods: The outside embankment areas where Oncomelania snails possibly or historically distributed and people and animals had activities were surveyed. The schistosomiasis information of the susceptible areas was collected, a database was set up, the positions were marked with GPS, an E-map was drawn with Google Earth, and the distribution was analyzed.

[Multi-disciplinary treatment for advanced schistosomiasis].

Objective: To assess the efficiency of multi-disciplinary treatment (MDT) for advanced schistosomiasis.

Methods: A total of 173 advanced schistosomiasis patients who received MDT were selected from January 2010 to December 2011. These patients included 75 splenomegaly cases and 98 ascites cases.

[Role of socio-economy and management in sustainable transmission control of schistosomiasis in Taoyuan County, Hunan Province, China].

Objective: To clarify the role of socio-economy and management in the sustainable schistosomiasis-control in Taoyuan County, an endemic area in hilly region, Hunan Province, China.

Methods: From 1996 to 2011, the data of socio-economy, the management of schistosomiasis control organizations, environment, and the changes in schistosomiasis prevalence were collected in Taoyuan County where schistosomiasis transmission had been controlled since 2008. A sampling survey of schistosomiasis prevalence of human and bovine was performed in 2011 to verify the current status of schistosomiasis transmission.

[Surveillance of endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Wuyi Village of Dongting Lake region, Hunan Province from 2002 to 2010].

Objective: To understand the epidemic trends of schistosomiasis in Wuyi Village of Muping Lake, so as to provide the references for making control strategy of schistosomiasis in embankment subtype in Dongting Lake region.

Methods: The data relating to the morbidity of schistosomiasis among human and domestic animals, the status of Oncomelania snails, the parameters of demographic and social economic development, and intervention measures were collected in Wuyi Village from 2002-2010. Based on this information, the changing trends of schistosomiasis were dynamically analyzed.

[Selection of government instruments in schistosomiasis control services].

From the perspective of public administration and epidemiology, on the combination of the governance cases in the central and local government of China, the author explores ten modes of the provision of public goods and services in schistosomiasis control services, discusses seven main government instruments, and points out its pluralism, complexity and the slight changes of government' s preference. This paper also explores the approach to help the relevant government make schistosomiasis control work more practicable in field.

[Longitudinal investigation on intestinal parasite infections among rural people in West Dongting Lake region].

The nylon pocket concentration method and modified Kato-Katz technique were used to detect the eggs of intestinal parasites and the iodine smear method was used for the detection of protozoa among the rural population in West Dongting Lake region. The infection rate of parasites in 2006 was 11.84%, and it declined by 86.

Risk factors for helminth infections in a rural and a peri-urban setting of the Dongting Lake area, People's Republic of China.

Schistosomiasis japonica and soil-transmitted helminthiasis are endemic parasitic diseases in the People's Republic of China (PR China). As very few studies have reported on the distribution and interaction of multiple species helminth infections, we carried out a comparative study of households in a rural village and a peri-urban setting in the Dongting Lake area of Hunan province in November and December 2006 to determine the extent of single and multiple species infections, the underlying risk factors for infection, and the relationships with clinical manifestations and self-reported morbidity. In each household, stool samples were collected and subjected to the Kato-Katz method for identifying Schistosoma japonicum, Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm and Trichuris trichiura infections.

Large water management projects and schistosomiasis control, Dongting Lake region, China.

Construction of the Three Gorges Dam across the Yangtze River will substantially change the ecology of the Dongting Lake in southern China. In addition, the Chinese Central and Hunan Provinces' governmental authorities have instigated a Return Land to Lake Program that will extend the Dongting Lake surface area from the current 2,681 km2 to 4,350 km2. The previous construction of embankments and the large silt deposits made by the Yangtze River and other connecting rivers have contributed to frequent disastrous flooding.

Applications and outcomes of periodic epidemiological surveys for schistosomiasis and related economic evaluation in the People's Republic of China.

The great success in schistosomiasis control in China is attributable to a range of factors. Periodic epidemiological surveys (PES) used for monitoring and adapting control interventions over time are an integral feature of the national schistosomiasis control programme. PES have enabled the dynamic trends of schistosomiasis epidemics to be closely pursued and have assisted in analysing subtle changes in endemicity.