Integration of neuromuscular control for multidirectional horizontal planar reaching movements in a portable upper limb exoskeleton for enhanced stroke rehabilitation.

Globally, the prevalence of stroke is significant and increasing annually. This growth has led to a demand for rehabilitation services that far exceeds the supply, leaving many stroke survivors without adequate rehabilitative care. In response to this challenge, this study introduces a portable exoskeleton system that integrates neural control mechanisms governing human arm movements.

In Situ Infared Optical Fiber Sensor Monitoring Reactants and Products Changes during Photocatalytic Reaction.

An in situ monitoring reaction can better obtain the variations during the progression of the photocatalytic reaction. However, the complexity of the apparatus and the limited applicability of substances are the common challenges faced by most in situ monitoring methods. Here, we invented an in situ infrared optical fiber sensor to monitor the reactants and products during photocatalytic reaction.

A surrogate BSL2-compliant infection model recapitulating key aspects of human Marburg virus disease.

Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a severe infectious disease caused by the Marburg virus (MARV), posing a significant threat to humans. MARV needs to be operated under strict biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratory conditions. Therefore, accessible and practical animal models are urgently needed to advance prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for MARV.

Unlocking the intermediate-phase evolution in perovskite crystallization with an operando infrared FEWS sensor.

The intermediate phase produced by the complexation of metal ions and solvent molecules usually occurs in the crystallization process of perovskite single crystal or film. Effective monitoring of intermediate-phase evolution is beneficial to the control of crystal quality. However, it is difficult to realize.

Few-shot Class-incremental Learning for Retinal Disease Recognition.

Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning (FSCIL) techniques are essential for developing Deep Learning (DL) models that can continuously learn new classes with limited samples while retaining existing knowledge. This capability is particularly crucial for DL-based retinal disease diagnosis system, where acquiring large annotated datasets is challenging, and disease phenotypes evolve over time. This paper introduces Re-FSCIL, a novel framework for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Retinal Disease Recognition (FSCIRDR).

Delayed reinforcement learning converges to intermittent control for human quiet stance.

The neural control of human quiet stance remains controversial, with classic views suggesting a limited role of the brain and recent findings conversely indicating direct cortical control of muscles during upright posture. Conceptual neural feedback control models have been proposed and tested against experimental evidence. The most renowned model is the continuous impedance control model.

A Luciferase Immunosorbent Assay Based on Attachment Glycoprotein for the Rapid and Easy Detection of Nipah Virus IgG Antibodies.

Nipah virus (NiV) is a virulent zoonotic disease whose natural host is the fruit bat (), which can coexist with and transmit the virus. Due to its high pathogenicity, wide host range, and pandemic potential, establishing a sensitive, specific, and rapid diagnostic method for NiV is key to preventing and controlling its spread and any outbreaks. Here, we established a luciferase immunosorbent assay (LISA) based on the NiV attachment glycoprotein (G) to detect NiV-specific immunoglobulin G by expressing a fusion protein of nanoluciferase (NanoLuc) and the target antigen.

A Bacterium-like Particle Vaccine Displaying Envelope Proteins of Canine Distemper Virus Can Induce Immune Responses in Mice and Dogs.

Canine distemper virus (CDV) can cause fatal infections in giant pandas. Vaccination is crucial to prevent CDV infection in giant pandas. In this study, two bacterium-like particle vaccines F-GEM and H-GEM displaying the trimeric F protein or tetrameric H protein of CDV were constructed based on the Gram-positive enhanced-matrix protein anchor (GEM-PA) surface display system.

Establishment and application of a surrogate model for human Ebola virus disease in BSL-2 laboratory.

The Ebola virus (EBOV) is a member of the Orthoebolavirus genus, Filoviridae family, which causes severe hemorrhagic diseases in humans and non-human primates (NHPs), with a case fatality rate of up to 90%. The development of countermeasures against EBOV has been hindered by the lack of ideal animal models, as EBOV requires handling in biosafety level (BSL)-4 facilities. Therefore, accessible and convenient animal models are urgently needed to promote prophylactic and therapeutic approaches against EBOV.

Self-assembled ferritin-based nanoparticles elicit a robust broad-spectrum protective immune response against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants has resulted in global economic losses and posed a threat to human health. The pandemic highlights the urgent need for an efficient, easily producible, and broad-spectrum vaccine. Here, we present a potentially universal strategy for the rapid and general design of vaccines, focusing on the design and testing of omicron BA.

Click Reaction-Mediated Fluorescent Immunosensor Based on Cu-MOF Nanoparticles for Ultrasensitive and High-Throughput Detection of Aflatoxin B in Food Samples.

Due to the high toxicity of aflatoxin B and its risks to human health, we developed a click reaction-mediated automated fluorescent immunosensor (CAFI) for sensitive detection of aflatoxin B based on the Cu(I)-catalyzed click reaction. With its large specific surface area, a copper-based metal-organic framework (Cu-MOF) was synthesized to adsorb and enrich the copper ion (Cu(II)) and then load the complete antigen (BSA-AFB). After the immunoreaction, Cu(II) inside the Cu-MOF-Antigen conjugate would be reduced to Cu(I) in the presence of sodium ascorbate, which triggered the click reaction between the fluorescent donor-modified DNA and the receptor-modified complementary DNA to lead to a fluorescence signal readout.

A Wash-Free Spheres-on-Sphere Strategy for On-Site and Multiplexed Biosensing.

Respiratory infections and food contaminants pose severe challenges to global health and the economy. A rapid on-site platform for the simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens is crucial for accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and a reduced healthcare burden. Herein, we present a spheres-on-sphere (SOS) platform for multiplexed detection using a portable Coulter counter, which employs millimeter- and micron-sized spheres coupled with antibodies as multitarget probes.

A virus-like particle candidate vaccine based on CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology elicits broad-spectrum protection against SARS-CoV-2.

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with frequent mutations has seriously damaged the effectiveness of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine. There is an urgent need to develop a broad-spectrum vaccine while elucidating the underlying immune mechanisms. Here, we developed a SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles (VLPs) vaccine based on the Canarypox-virus vector (ALVAC-VLPs) using CRISPR/Cas9.

Bimetallic nanozyme-bioenzyme hybrid material-mediated ultrasensitive and automatic immunoassay for the detection of aflatoxin B in food.

Aflatoxin B (AFB) is one of the most prevalent and dangerous biotoxin in crops and feedstuff, which poses a great threat to human health and also cause significant financial losses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an effective method for AFB detection. In this work, we developed an automatic reaction equipment and nanozyme-enhanced immunosorbent assay (Auto-NEISA) for sensitive and accurate detection of AFB by combining the highly effective signal probes with a self-designed automated immunoreactive equipment.

Oral delivery of a chitosan adjuvanted COVID-19 vaccine provides long-lasting and broad-spectrum protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in golden hamsters.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seriously threatens public health safety and the global economy, which warrant effective prophylactic and therapeutic approaches. Currently, vaccination and establishment of immunity have significantly reduced the severity and mortality of COVID-19. However, in regard to COVID-19 vaccines, the broad-spectrum protective efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 variants and the blocking of virus transmission need to be further improved.

Infrared Evanescent Wave Sensing Based on a GeAsSeTe Fiber for Alcohol Detection.

Infrared evanescent wave sensing based on chalcogenide fiber is an emerging technology for qualitative and quantitative analysis of most organic compounds. Here, a tapered fiber sensor made from GeAsSeTe glass fiber was reported. The fundamental modes and intensity of evanescent waves in fibers with different diameters were simulated with COMSOL.

Nanobodies with cross-neutralizing activity provide prominent therapeutic efficacy in mild and severe COVID-19 rodent models.

The weakened protective efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines and antibodies caused by SARS-CoV-2 variants presents a global health emergency, which underscores the urgent need for universal therapeutic antibody intervention for clinical patients. Here, we screened three alpacas-derived nanobodies (Nbs) with neutralizing activity from twenty RBD-specific Nbs. The three Nbs were fused with the Fc domain of human IgG, namely aVHH-11-Fc, aVHH-13-Fc and aVHH-14-Fc, which could specifically bind RBD protein and competitively inhibit the binding of ACE2 receptor to RBD.

Neuromechanics-Based Neural Feedback Controller for Planar Arm Reaching Movements.

Based on the principles of neuromechanics, human arm movements result from the dynamic interaction between the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems. To develop an effective neural feedback controller for neuro-rehabilitation training, it is important to consider both the effects of muscles and skeletons. In this study, we designed a neuromechanics-based neural feedback controller for arm reaching movements.

High Refractive Index GRIN Lens for IR Optics.

Infrared gradient refractive index (GRIN) material lenses have attracted much attention due to their continuously varying refractive index as a function of spatial coordinates in the medium. Herein, a glass accumulation thermal diffusion method was used to fabricate a high refractive index GRIN lens. Six GeAsSeTe ( = 10.