Lymphatic system is the mainstream for breast cancer dissemination and metastasis revealed by single-cell lineage tracing.

Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related death, yet the forces that drive cancer cells through various steps and different routes to distinct target organs/tissues remain elusive. In this study, we applied a barcoding system based single-cell lineage tracing approach to study the metastasis rate and route of breast cancer cells and their interactions with the tumor microenvironment (TME) during metastasis. The results indicate that only a small fraction of cells, accounting for fewer than 3% of total barcodes, can intravasate from the primary site into the blood circulation, whereas more cells disseminate through the lymphatic system to different organs.

Phenylpropanoids for the control of fungal diseases of postharvest fruit.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing greener and safer substances for the control of postharvest fungal diseases of fruit. Secondary metabolic pathways play an important role in plant defense responses, and the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway is one of the most important secondary metabolic pathways in plant defense. More and more studies have shown that exogenous phenylpropanoids treatments can inhibit postharvest fungal diseases.

Electron Density Engineering at the Bond Critical Points in Solvation Sheath of Sodium Ions for High-Rate Hard Carbon in Ether-Based Electrolyte.

Rationally designing the electrolyte system toward improving the electrochemical performance, especially the rate capability, of sodium ion batteries (SIBs) is very important for accelerating their large-scale commercialization. Herein, it is shown that by refining the molar ratio of two ether solvents, namely dimethoxyethane (DME) and 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran (MeTHF), a binary solvent electrolyte system forms a sodium ion solvation structure that facilitates high rate charge/discharge of hard carbon (HC) electrodes. It is demonstrated that the boosted rate capability can be attributed to the enhanced sodium ion transportation and desolvation kinetics, resulting from the participation of weak-coordinating MeTHF molecule with low steric hindrance in the sodium ion solvation sheath, which weakens the interaction between sodium ion and solvent molecules/anions through electron density regulation at the bond critical points (BCPs).

Diversities of African swine fever virus host-virus dynamics revealed by single-cell profiling.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes epidemics with high mortality; however, effective vaccines and therapies remain missing. Here, we depict a temporal single-cell landscape of primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) exposed to three different virulent ASFV strains . We found that attenuated and low-virulence ASFV strains tend to exhibit higher viral loads than highly virulent strain, which may result from upregulated RNA polymerase subunit genes expression.

A comprehensive OBD data analysis framework: Identification and factor analysis of high-emission heavy-duty vehicles.

On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) systems enable real-time monitoring of NOx emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs). However, few studies have focused on the root cause analysis of these emissions using OBD data. To address this gap, this study proposes an integrated analysis framework for HDDV NOx emissions that combines data processing, high-emission vehicle identification, and emission cause analysis.

Constructing a Robust Interphase with 1,1'-Oxalyldiimidazole (ODI) Additive to Enhance the Temperature and Rate Performance of LiNiCoMnO/Graphite Batteries.

This work develops 1,1'-oxalyldiimidazole (ODI) as a functional electrolyte additive. This film-forming additive improves the wide range of temperature and rate performances of LiNiCoMnO/graphite (NCM811) batteries. After 1200 cycles at room temperature (25 °C), the discharge capacity retention rate is 51.

Combined analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics showed that SNAC4 and SNAC9 are negative regulators of the resistance to Botrytis cinerea in tomato.

NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2) is a transcription factor which contributes to the response for both biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, the regulatory effects and potential mechanisms of SNAC4/9 on resistance to Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) were investigated by the differences in physiological and biochemical indices as well as transcriptional and metabolic profiles between SNAC4/9 overexpressed (OE-SNAC4/9) and wild-type (WT) tomato fruit inoculated with B.

In situ growth of bismuth oxybromide/bismuth molybdate 2D/2D Z-scheme heterojunctions with rich interfacial oxygen vacancies for photocatalytic benzylic C(sp)-H bond activation.

The selective oxidation of toluene into valuable chemicals via photocatalytic C(sp)-H bond activation represents a significant, yet challenging process. Here, the in situ construction of bismuth oxybromide/bismuth molybdate (BiOBr/BiMoO) 2D/2D Z-scheme heterojunctions featuring interface-induced oxygen vacancies (OVs) is introduced. The optimized BiOBr/BiMoO sample has a remarkable yield rate of benzaldehyde at 2134.

LiF-induced in-situ engineering of a dense inorganic SEI for superior lithium storage in black phosphorus anode.

Black phosphorus (BP) has been highly regarded as a favourable candidate for fast-charging anode applications owing to its high theoretical capacity and advantageous charge-discharge platform. However, BP faces challenges related to compromised electrochemical performance resulting from an unstable solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) and substantial volumetric expansion. This study proposes the engineering of an inorganic-dense SEI on the surface of BP-C through the strategic incorporation of lithium fluoride (LiF).

Site-controlled growth of In(Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots on patterned substrate.

In(Ga)As quantum dot (QD) with uniform size and controlled sites have great potential in optical communications and quantum computing. In this review, we focus on the site-controlled preparation of In(Ga)As quantum dot arrays based on patterned substrates, including the improvements made by the researchers to enhance the quantum dot site-control capability and optical quality. Based on the current research on site-controlled In(Ga)As QDs, it has been possible to grow uniformly ordered In(Ga)As QD arrays, in which the size, morphology, and nucleus location of each quantum dot can be precisely controlled.

Theoretical Study on the Thermal Decomposition Mechanism of Fe(EDTA) and Fe(EDTMP).

The decomposition mechanisms of Fe(EDTA) and Fe(EDTMP) complexes, widely used in various industrial applications, were investigated through a theoretical approach. Despite their structural similarities, the phosphonic acid and carboxylic acid groups in these complexes lead to vastly different decomposition behaviors. Fe(EDTA), stabilized by delocalized π bonds in carboxylic acid groups, exhibited higher stability than that of Fe(EDTMP), which has only σ bonds in phosphonic acid groups.

The impact of digital leadership on safety performance - a moderated mediation model.

In light of the profound influence of digital advancements on business management, digital leadership has emerged as an indispensable element for organizations to effectively navigate this transformative wave. While the influence of traditional leadership on safety performance has been extensively scrutinized, the impact of digital leadership on safety performance has regrettably been overlooked. Drawing from the job demand-resource model, this study analyzes the influence of digital leadership on safety performance, encompassing safety compliance and safety participation.

Identifying Target Molecule and Trace Amount of the Byproduct by Two-Dimensional Self-Assembly with Different Solution Concentrations.

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is a powerful way to realize the recognition of self-assembled nanostructures on the atomic scale. In this article, dihexadecyl 6,9-bis((4-(hexadecyloxy)phenyl)ethynyl) phenanthro[9,10-]thiophene-1,3-dicarboxylate (D-PT) and dihexadecyl 6-bromo-9-((4-(hexadecyloxy) phenyl)ethynyl)phenanthrol[9,10-]thiophene-1,3-dicarboxylate (S-BrPT) with different substituents were chosen as the target system. D-PT with four side chains as the target molecule and S-BrPT with three side chains and a bromine substituent as the byproduct were mixed in a molar concentration ratio of 20:1.

Applying the Barker School concept of 'behaviour settings' to virtual contexts.

People are spending more and more time interacting with virtual objects and environments. We argue that Roger Barker's concept of a 'behaviour setting' can be usefully applied to such experiences with relatively little modification if we recognize subjective aspects of such experiences such as presence and immersion. We define virtual behaviour settings as virtual environments where the partly or fully digital milieu is synomorphic with and circumjacent to embodied behaviour, as opposed to the fragmented behaviour settings of much-mediated interaction.

Epigallocatechin gallate attenuated high glucose-induced pancreatic beta cell dysfunction by modulating DRP1-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathways.

Long-term exposure to hyperglycemic conditions leads to β-cell dysfunction, particularly mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammatory and oxidative stress responses, which are considered the primary causes of β-cell death and the hallmarks of diabetes. Plant-active ingredients may play a key role in glycemic control. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a characteristic catechin derived from tea that possesses anti-diabetic properties.

Bone transport induces the release of factors with multi-tissue regenerative potential for diabetic wound healing in rats and patients.

Tibial cortex transverse distraction is a surgical method for treating severe diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), but the underlying mechanism is unclear. We show that antioxidant proteins and small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) with multiple-tissue regenerative potential are released during bone transport (BT) in humans and rats. These vesicles accumulate in diabetic wounds and are enriched with microRNAs (miRNAs) (e.

HELQ deficiency impairs the induction of primordial germ cell-like cells.

Helicase POLQ-like (HELQ) is a DNA helicase essential for the maintenance of genome stability. A recent study identified two HELQ missense mutations in some cases of infertile men. However, the functions of HELQ in the process of germline specification are not well known and whether its function is conserved between mouse and human remains unclear.

Insights on updates in sodium alginate/MXenes composites as the designer matrix for various applications: A review.

Advancements in two-dimensional materials, particularly MXenes, have spurred the development of innovative composites through their integration with natural polymers such as sodium alginate (SA). Mxenes exhibit a broad specific surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, and an abundance of surface terminations, which can be combined with SA to maximize the synergistic effect of the materials. This article provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art techniques in the fabrication of SA/MXene composites, analyzing the resulting structural and functional enhancements with a specific focus on advancing the design of these composites for practical applications.

Single-crystal oxygen-rich bismuth oxybromide nanosheets with highly exposed defective {10-1} facets for the selective oxidation of toluene under blue LED irradiation.

Reactive radicals are crucial for activating inert and low-polarity C(sp)-H bonds for the fabrication of high value-added products. Herein, novel single-crystal oxygen-rich bismuth oxybromide nanosheets (BiOBr SCNs) with more than 85 % {10-1} facets exposure and oxygen defects were synthesized via a facile solvothermal route. The BiOBr SCNs demonstrated excellent photocatalytic performance in the selective oxidation of toluene under blue light.

Anti-inflammatory and Neuroprotective α-Pyrones from a Marine-Derived Strain of the Fungus and Their Heterologous Expression.

Fungal linear polyketides, such as α-pyrones with a 6-alkenyl chain, have been a rich source of biologically active compounds. Two new ( and ) and four known (-) 6-alkenylpyrone polyketides were isolated from a marine-derived strain of the fungus . Their structures were determined based on extensive spectroscopic analysis.

An integrated multi-omics analysis reveals osteokines involved in global regulation.

Bone secretory proteins, termed osteokines, regulate bone metabolism and whole-body homeostasis. However, fundamental questions as to what the bona fide osteokines and their cellular sources are and how they are regulated remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed bone and extraskeletal tissues, osteoblast (OB) conditioned media, bone marrow supernatant (BMS), and serum, for basal osteokines and those responsive to aging and mechanical loading/unloading.

Surface-supported metal-organic frameworks with geometric topological diversity via scanning tunneling microscopy.

Surface-supported metal-organic frameworks (SMOFs) are long-range ordered periodic 2D lattice layers formed by inorganic metal nodes and organic ligands via coordination bonds on substrate surfaces. The atomic resolution STM lays a solid foundation for the conception and construction of SMOFs with large area, stable structure, and special function. In this review, the cutting-edge research of SMOFs from design strategy, preparation process, and how to accurately achieve structural and functional diversity are reviewed.