A feeding-induced myokine modulates glucose homeostasis.

Maintaining blood glucose homeostasis during fasting and feeding is crucial for the prevention of dysregulation that can lead to either hypo- or hyperglycaemia. Here we identified feimin, encoded by a gene with a previously unknown function (B230219D22Rik in mice, C5orf24 in humans), as a key modulator of glucose homeostasis. Feimin is secreted from skeletal muscle during feeding and binds to its receptor, receptor protein tyrosine kinase Mer (MERTK), promoting glucose uptake and inhibiting glucose production by activation of AKT.

Modulating the pH-activity profile of the glucose isomerase from Thermotoga marimita by introducing positively and negatively charged residues.

Glucose isomerase is generally used in the industrial production of high-fructose corn syrup, and a heat- and acid-resistant glucose isomerase is preferred. However, most glucose isomerases exhibit low activity or inactivation at low pH. In this study, we demonstrated that two combination mutants formed by introducing positive and negative charges near the active site and on the surface of the enzyme demonstrated a successful reduction in the optimal pH and increase in the specific activity of glucose isomerase from Thermotoga maritima (TMGI).

Cooperative Multiscale-Assembly for Directional and Hierarchical Growth of Highly Oriented Porous Organic Cage Single-Crystal Microtubes and Arrays.

The directional assembly of porous organic molecules into long-range ordered architectures, featuring controlled hierarchical porosity and oriented pore channels with defined spatial arrangements, is a fundamental challenge in chemistry and materials science. Herein, using porous organic cages as starting units, we present a cooperative multiscale-assembly strategy enabling the simultaneous alignment of pore channels and directional hierarchical growth in a single step. At the microscopic level, we employed double solvents to manipulate the intermolecular packing of microporous tetrahedral [4+6] imine cages (CC1 and CC3), resulting in pore channel orientation.

Enhanced Degradation of Oxytetracycline Antibiotic Under Visible Light over BiWO Coupled with Carbon Quantum Dots Derived from Waste Biomass.

Improving the photogenerated carrier separation efficiency of individual semiconductor materials has always been a key challenge in photocatalysis. In this study, we synthesized a novel photocatalytic material, N-CQDs/UBWO, in situ by combining nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) derived from discarded corn stover with ultrathin BiWO nanosheets (UBWO). Detailed characterization indicates that the random distribution of N-CQDs on the UBWO surface increases the specific surface area of UBWO, which is beneficial for the adsorption and degradation of oxytetracycline (OTC).

Selective aptasensor of deoxynivalenol based on dual signal enhancement of thionine electrochemistry using silver nanoparticle-loaded label at gold nanoparticle-loaded electrodes.

In this work, an efficient sensing platform deoxynivalenol (DON) detection was constructed through monitoring the current change of a competitive mechanism triggered by DON, leading the signal label detached from the electrode surface by square-wave voltammetry using thionine (Thi) as a redox indicator. The complementary strand of aptamer (cDNA) and Thi were loaded onto Fe/Ni bimetallic metal-organic framework loaded with sliver nanoparticles (AgNPs@FeNi-MOF) to construct AgNPs@FeNi-MOF/cDNA/Thi signal probes. In the presence of DON, the aptamer sequence was more predisposed to form an aptamer-DON complex, resulting in the displacement of the cDNA.

Long-term dysregulation of plasma peptidome in mild and multiple COVID-19 recovered patients revealed by a novel efficient peptidomics workflow.

After recovering from COVID-19, many patients experience "long COVID" symptoms. Existing research has predominantly focused on moderate to severe cases, with limited studies examining mild cases and recurrent infections. The circulating low-molecular-weight (LMW) peptidome, involving lipid metabolism, coagulation, and immune pathways, is crucial for understanding COVID-19's long-term effects.

Inoculation of thermophilic bacteria from giant panda feces into cattle manure reduces gas emissions and decreases resistance gene prevalence in short-term composting.

Here, thermophilic bacteria (TB) with cellulose degradation functions were screened from composting panda feces and applied to cattle manure composting. TB (Aeribacillus pallidus G5 and Parageobacillus toebii G12) inoculation led to remarkable improvement of the compost temperature, prolonging of the thermophilic stage and shortening of the composting process, resulting in increased manure harmlessness (GI ≥ 70%), compost humification, and greenhouse gas emission reduction (14.19%-22.

[Advances in the Application of Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy in Postoperative Patients with Stage I Lung Adenocarcinoma].

Lung cancer is one of the main causes of cancer burden and death in China, with nearly 800,000 newly diagnosed lung cancer patients each year, nearly half of whom are lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients. According to current clinical guidelines, surgery is the main treatment for stage I LUAD patients, but the 5-year overall survival rate of stage I LUAD patients alone is still unsatisfactory, about 73%-90%, indicating that a considerable number of patients require other means to improve survival benefits. Chemotherapy and targeted therapy have achieved great success in the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic LUAD patients, but there is still controversy over whether they can benefit stage I LUAD postoperative patients.

Comparative analysis of tertiary lymphoid structures for predicting survival of colorectal cancer: a whole-slide images-based study.

Background: Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are major components in the immune microenvironment, correlating with a favorable prognosis in colorectal cancer. However, the methods used to define and characterize TLS were not united, hindering its clinical application. This study aims to seek a more stable method to characterize TLS and clarify their prognostic value in larger multicenter cohorts.

Fiber optic relative humidity and temperature sensor with the cascaded Vernier effect based on the C-shaped cavity structure.

The water-absorbent sensing film, coated on the surface of traditional optical fiber humidity sensors, often suffers from detachment issues. In this paper, we present what we believe to be a new fiber-optic cascaded Fabry-Perot interferometer sensor for detecting relative humidity (RH) and temperature, without the need for sophisticated instrumentation. The sensing structure comprises two sections of single-mode optical fibers and a C-shaped cavity between them.

Development and validation of a model for predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with sepsis-associated kidney injury receiving renal replacement therapy: a retrospective cohort study based on the MIMIC-IV database.

Background: SAKI is a common and serious complication of sepsis, contributing significantly to high morbidity and mortality, especially in patients requiring RRT. Early identification of high-risk patients enables timely interventions and improvement in clinical outcomes. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a predictive model for in-hospital mortality in patients with SAKI receiving RRT.

Emerging antibiotic and heavy metal resistance in spore-forming bacteria from pig manure, manure slurry and fertilized soil.

Spore-forming bacteria (SFB), like Bacillus, are the gram-positive bacteria with broad-spectrum activity that is one of the commonly used strains of probiotics. However, these bacteria also have significant resistance. In this study, we systematically investigated pig manure, manure slurry and soil by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and traditional culture techniques.

Network-based hub biomarker discovery for glaucoma.

Objective: Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy and the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. However, the early detection of glaucoma remains challenging, as chronic forms of glaucoma remain largely asymptomatic until considerable irreversible visual field deficits have ensued. Thus, biomarkers that facilitate early diagnosis and treatment for glaucoma patients with a high risk of progression are pressing.

Co-application of cadmium-immobilizing bacteria and organic fertilizers alter the wheat root soil chemistry and microbial communities.

Cadmium contamination poses a significant risk to soil ecosystems in certain parts of the world. Using eco-friendly fertilizers alongside beneficial microorganisms offers a viable solution to mitigate Cd pollution in agricultural soil. This study used an outdoor experiment to evaluate the impact of administering a Cd-immobilizing bacterial (Bacillus) inoculant with two biologically-enriched organic fertilizers (either fermentative edible fungi residue or fermented cow dung) on wheat plants and associated microbial populations in a field contaminated with Cd.

Expression Profiling Analysis of the SWEET Gene Family in In Vitro Pitaya Under Low-Temperature Stress and Study of Its Cold Resistance Mechanism.

Pitaya () fruit is an attractive, nutrient-rich tropical fruit with commercial value. However, low-temperature stress severely affects the yield and quality of pitaya. The relevant mechanisms involved in the response of pitaya to low-temperature stress remain unclear.

Goat Milk Protein-Derived ACE Inhibitory Peptide SLPQ Exerts Hypertension Alleviation Effects Partially by Regulating the Inflammatory Stress of Endothelial Cells.

Hypertension has always posed a severe threat to people's health. Food-derived angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptides have the potential to both prevent and treat hypertension. In the current investigation, two ACE-inhibitory peptides (SLPQ and PYVRYL) from goat milk were studied for their endothelial effects using EA.

Micro-homogeneity of lateral energy landscapes governs the performance in perovskite solar cells.

Suppression of energy disorders in the vertical direction of a photovoltaic device, along which charge carriers are forced to travel, has been extensively studied to reduce unproductive charge recombination and thus achieve high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. In contrast, energy disorders in the lateral direction of the junction for large-area modules are largely overlooked. Herein, we show that the micro-inhomogeneity characteristics in the surface lateral energetics of formamidinium (FA)-based perovskite films also significantly influence the device performance, particularly with accounting for the stability and scale-up aspects of the devices.

Comparative analysis of the PAL gene family in nine citruses provides new insights into the stress resistance mechanism of Citrus species.

Background: The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene, a well-studied plant defense gene, is crucial for growth, development, and stress resistance. The PAL gene family has been studied in many plants. Citrus is among the most vital cash crops worldwide.

Associations between amyloid-β load and cognition in cerebrovascular disease beyond cerebral amyloid angiopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of positron emission tomography studies.

Background: There is growing interest in the comorbidity of vascular and neurodegenerative pathologies in patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) beyond cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). However, the relationship between amyloid-β and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) remains debated.

Objective: To investigate the association between VCI and amyloid-β deposition in non-CAA CVD patients.

Short-term ozone exposure on stroke mortality and mitigation by greenness in rural and urban areas of Shandong Province, China.

Background: Short-term exposure to ozone (O) has been associated with higher stroke mortality, but it is unclear whether this association differs between urban and rural areas. The study aimed to compare the association between short-term exposure to O and ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke mortality across rural and urban areas and further investigate the potential impacts of modifiers, such as greenness, on this association.

Methods: A multi-county time-series analysis was carried out in 19 counties of Shandong Province from 2013 to 2019.