Polydopamine functionalized TiO with N doping, oxygen vacancies, and carbon layers for enhanced photoelectrocatalytic performance.

The development of a photoelectrode featuring both excellent reusability and a simple preparation process remains exceptionally challenging for TiO-based photoelectrocatalytic technology. Herein, a three-dimensional photoelectrode with N doping, oxygen vacancies (O), and carbon layers (NTC) was prepared via the "carbothermal reduction-pressing-calcination" method. The photoelectrode degraded 97.

Relationship between the volume of ventricles, brain parenchyma and neurocognition in children after hydrocephalus treatment.

Purpose: The treatment of hydrocephalus aims to facilitate optimal brain development and improve the overall condition of patients. To further evaluate the postoperative recovery process in individuals undergoing hydrocephalus treatment, we investigated the interplay between brain parenchymal and ventricular volumes, alongside neurocognitive parameters.

Methods: In this study, 52 children under the age of 10 undergoing hydrocephalus treatment were included.

Evaluation and source identification of water pollution.

Maintaining good surface water quality is essential for protecting ecosystems and human health. Henan Province has long faced challenges related to water scarcity and severe water pollution. To support effective management of water pollution in Henan Province and provide insights for regional water pollution management, we collected extensive water quality monitoring data and applied spatial autocorrelation along with random forest to analyze the sources of heavily polluted areas.

Universal analyzer for measuring the orbital angular momentum spectrum of a randomly fluctuated beam.

The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of beams provides an additional degree of freedom and has been applied in various scientific and technological fields. Accurate and quantitative measurement of intensity distributions across different OAM modes, referred to as the OAM spectrum of a beam, is crucial. Here, we propose a straightforward and efficient experimental setup for measuring the OAM spectrum of a randomly fluctuating beam.

Effective sensitization of Dy:H energy level by Tm ions in KPbBr crystal for 4.3 µm lasers.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the use of Tm to sensitize the Dy ion and enhance the ∼4.3 µm emission from Dy:H → H in the KPbBr (KPB) crystal. The ∼4.

Ciliary length regulation by intraflagellar transport in zebrafish.

How cells regulate the size of their organelles remains a fundamental question in cell biology. Cilia, with their simple structure and surface localization, provide an ideal model for investigating organelle size control. However, most studies on cilia length regulation are primarily performed on several single-celled organisms.

Treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of resectable central non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing sleeve lobectomy: a large-scale, single-center, real-world study.

Background: In the treatment of central-type non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), sleeve lobectomy (SL) has emerged as the surgical treatment of choice over pneumonectomy (PN). This retrospective study evaluates the clinical profiles and prognostic elements impacting survival and recurrence rates in patients who underwent SL.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 288 patients who underwent SL from January 2010 to December 2023.

A multi-antigen vaccinia vaccine broadly protected mice against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus while also targeting SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV.

Introduction: Coronaviruses and influenza viruses are significant respiratory pathogens that cause severe disease burdens and economic losses for society. Due to their diversity and evolution, vaccines typically require periodic updating to remain effective. An additional challenge is imposed by the possible coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza, which could increase disease severity.

Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting and Body Motion Sensing of a Pair of 0D Chiral Hybrid Metal Halides.

Chiral hybrid metal halides have received considerable attention in circularly polarized luminescence and spintronics due to their structural diversity, ease of synthesis, and chemical versatility. However, only a limited number of chiral metal halides have been utilized in piezoelectric energy harvesters and motion sensors. Furthermore, the exploration of 0D chiral piezoelectric materials is still in their early stage, offering substantial potential for further development.

Epidural electrical stimulation combined with photobiomodulation restores hindlimb motor function in rats with thoracic spinal cord injury.

Epidural electrical stimulation (EES) could restore motor function of paralyzed limbs of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, its invasiveness limits its application in early stage of injury. Photobiomodulation (PBM) utilizes infrared light for percutaneous irradiation of the spinal cord to protect nerve tissue, delay muscle atrophy, and can be applied in early stage of SCI due to its non-invasiveness.

Genomic and the tumor microenvironment heterogeneity in multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background And Aims: Ambiguous understanding of tumors and tumor microenvironments (TMEs) hinders accurate diagnosis and available treatment for multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) covering intrahepatic metastasis (IM) and multicentric occurrence (MO). Here, we characterized the diverse TMEs of IM and MO identified by whole-exome sequencing at single-cell resolution.

Approach And Results: We performed parallel whole-exome sequencing and scRNA-seq on 23 samples from 7 patients to profile their TMEs when major results were validated by immunohistochemistry in the additional cohort.

Melatonin Attenuates PFOS-Induced Reproductive Toxicity of Pregnant Mice due to Placental Damage Via Antioxidant, Anti-Aging and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways.

Background: Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), an industrially synthesized persistent organic pollutant (POP), is intricately intertwined with human production and daily life. It has been discovered that PFOS is related to an elevated incidence of birth defects in fetuses. In contrast, melatonin (MLT), a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, has been demonstrated to exert a protective effect on reproductive development.

Case report: A diabetic patient with cryptococcal meningoencephalitis complicated by post-infectious inflammatory response syndrome.

We report on a previously non-HIV-diagnosed, 47-year-old male diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) and cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, who was referred to our institution for antifungal treatment. During the course of treatment, due to the development of refractory intracranial hypertension, Ommaya reservoirs were employed for cranial pressure reduction. The patient gradually recovered during subsequent antifungal therapy; however, symptoms worsened in the third month of treatment, leading to consideration of post-infectious inflammatory response syndrome (PIIRS) on examination.

Chinese Herbal Medicine for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Perspective of Local Immune Actions.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the functional gastrointestinal disorder, characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. The interest in intestinal immune activation as a potential disease mechanism for IBS has increased exponentially in recent years. This study was designed to summarize the Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) that potentially exert protective effects against IBS through inhibition of intestinal immune activation.

Performance of automated machine learning in detecting fundus diseases based on ophthalmologic B-scan ultrasound images.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of automated machine learning (AutoML) models in detecting fundus diseases using ocular B-scan ultrasound images.

Methods: Ophthalmologists annotated two B-scan ultrasound image datasets to develop three AutoML models-single-label, multi-class single-label and multi-label-on the Vertex artificial intelligence (AI) platform. Performance of these models was compared among themselves and against existing bespoke models for binary classification tasks.

Elucidating the bidirectional association between autoimmune diseases and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Question: Collective evidence for the bidirectional association between depression and autoimmune diseases (ADs) is scarce, especially for subgroups of patients with specific ADs. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the incidence rates and relative risks (RRs) of depression among patients with ADs, and vice versa.

Study Selection And Analysis: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Ovid, PsycNet and Cochrane were searched up to 10 September 2024.

Dissolved organic carbon can alter coastal sediment phosphorus dynamic: Effects of different carbon forms and concentrations.

Coastal waters are receiving increasing loads of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), differing in structural complexity and molecular weights with potential different effects on the phosphorus (P) dynamics in these waters. This study conducted an in-situ investigation in Xiangshan Harbor, China, to explore the patterns of P release in response to DOC inputs. To further elucidate the underlying mechanisms behind the DOC-affected sediment P release, a two-month mesocosm experiment was undertaken with coastal sediment (Xiangshan Harbor) to which acetate, glucose, and humic acid (representing the fermentation product, the simple available carbon, and the refractory humic-like carbon sources, respectively) were separately added to the overlying water at dosages of 0, 5, 10, and 20 mg C L.

NO-N pulse supply caused by biodegradable plastics exacerbates Trifolium repens L. invasion.

The exacerbation of plant invasion by microplastics attracted widespread attention. Pulse resource hypothesis is popular theory to elucidate plant invasion. Our previous work demonstrated biodegradable microplastics (BMPs) could increase the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization rate.

American ginseng vesicles loaded hyaluronic acid hydrogel for ulcerative colitis.

The present study introduces a novel therapeutic approach for ulcerative colitis (UC) utilizing American ginseng vesicles encapsulated within a hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel matrix. UC, a prevalent form of inflammatory bowel disease, is characterized by chronic inflammation of the colonic mucosa, leading to significant morbidity and compromised quality of life. Existing therapeutic modalities such as 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) are associated with substantial side effects and a high recurrence rate.

Fetal Tracheal Occlusion Corelates with Normalized YAP Expression and Alveolar Epithelial Differentiation in CDH.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is characterized by incomplete closure of the diaphragm. While the ensuing compression to the fetal lung causes lung hypoplasia, specific cellular phenotypes and developmental signaling defects in the alveolar epithelium in CDH are not fully understood. Employing lung samples from human CDH, a surgical lamb model and a nitrogen rat model, we investigate whether lung compression impairs alveolar epithelial differentiation and Yes-associated protein (YAP)-mediated mechanosensing.

Molecularly tailorable metal oxide clusters ensured robust interfacial connection in inverted perovskite solar cells.

Interfacial recombination and ion migration between perovskite and electron-transporting materials have been the persisting challenges in further improving the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Here, we design a series of molecularly tailorable clusters as an interlayer that can simultaneously enhance the interaction with C and perovskite. These clusters have precisely controlled structures, decent charge carrier mobility, considerable solubility, suitable energy levels, and functional ligands, which can help passivate perovskite surface defects, form a uniform capping net to immobilize C, and build a robust coupling between perovskite and C.

YK11 promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and repair of bone defects.

The selective androgen receptor (AR) modulator YK11 promotes the anabolism of muscle cells and osteoblastic precursor cells. However, its effects on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and the repair of cranial bone defects are unknown. Here, the effects of different concentrations of YK11 on the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs were determined.