Establishment and Characterization of Bisexually Fertile Triploid Dwarf Surf Clam Mulinia lateralis.

Triploids are widely used to rapidly achieve genetic improvements of organisms due to their fast growth and enhanced environmental adaptability. Artificially induced triploids are generally considered to be infertile owing to the obvious inhibition of gonadal development. Recently, some fertile individuals with reduced advantages have been found in triploid bivalves, which is a notable deviation from the original intention of artificially inducing triploids.

A novel GARP humanized mouse model for efficacy assessment of GARP-targeting therapies.

Although breakthroughs have been achieved with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) therapy, some tumors do not respond to those therapies due to primary or acquired resistance. GARP, a type I transmembrane cell surface docking receptor mediating latent transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and abundantly expressed on regulatory T lymphocytes and platelets, is a potential target to render these tumors responsive to ICI therapy, and enhancing anti-tumor response especially combined with ICI. To facilitate these research efforts, we developed humanized mouse models expressing humanized GARP (hGARP) instead of their mouse counterparts, enabling in vivo assessment of GARP-targeting agents.

Signatures of selection in underpinning its rapid adaptation to laboratory conditions.

The dwarf surf clam, , is considered as a model species for bivalves because of its rapid growth and short generation time. Recently, successful breeding of this species for multiple generations in our laboratory revealed its acquisition of adaptive advantages during artificial breeding. In this study, 310 individuals from five different generations were genotyped with 22,196 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the aim of uncovering the genetic basis of their adaptation to laboratory conditions.

Application of IoT technology based on neural networks in basketball training motion capture and injury prevention.

Basketball players need to frequently engage in various physical movements during the game, which puts a certain burden on their bodies and can easily lead to various sports injuries. Therefore, it is crucial to prevent sports injuries in basketball teaching. This paper also studies basketball motion track capture.

Neurotoxicological mechanisms of carbon quantum dots in a new animal model Dugesia japonica.

As luminescent nanomaterials, the carbon quantum dots (CQDs) research focused on emerging applications since their discovery. However, their toxicological effects on the natural environment are still unclear. The freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica is distributed extensively in aquatic ecosystems and can regenerate a new brain in 5 days after amputation.

Inhaled Lipid Nanoparticles Alleviate Established Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Pulmonary fibrosis, a sequela of lung injury resulting from severe infection such as severe acute respiratory syndrome-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is a kind of life-threatening lung disease with limited therapeutic options. Herein, inhalable liposomes encapsulating metformin, a first-line antidiabetic drug that has been reported to effectively reverse pulmonary fibrosis by modulating multiple metabolic pathways, and nintedanib, a well-known antifibrotic drug that has been widely used in the clinic, are developed for pulmonary fibrosis treatment. The composition of liposomes made of neutral, cationic or anionic lipids, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is optimized by evaluating their retention in the lung after inhalation.

[Determination of organophosphate diesters in facility vegetable soils using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry].

Organophosphate diesters (Di-OPEs) are biotic or abiotic degradation products of organophosphate esters (OPEs). Current analytical methods focus on detecting Di-OPEs in human urine. Human exposure to Di-OPEs in environmental matrices has not been systematically studied.

Pollution profiles, influencing factors, and source apportionment of target and suspect organophosphate esters in ambient air: A case study in a typical city of Northern China.

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are attracting attention because they pose risks to biota, including humans. Little research has been performed into the environmental fates of OPEs in the atmosphere. Here, target/suspect OPEs were determined in 122 atmosphere samples (gas phase (n = 31), PM (n = 30), PM (n = 30), and total suspended particles (n = 31)) from a city in Northern China.

Evaluation of Tourism Food Safety and Quality with Neural Networks.

Food safety issues are inextricably linked to people's lives and, in extreme cases, endanger public safety and social stability. People are becoming increasingly concerned about food safety issues in a modern society with high-quality economic development. People's incomes are increasing day by day as the economy continues to grow, and the tourism industry has grown by leaps and bounds.

The establishment and application of CD3E humanized mice in immunotherapy.

In the field of cancer immunotherapy, monoclonal antibody drugs, bispecific antibodies, and antibody-conjugated drugs have become the focus of current research, and gene-edited animal models play an essential role in the entire drug development process. In this study, CD3E humanized mice were established by replacing the second to the seventh exon of the Cd3e mouse gene with the same exon of the human gene. The expression of human CD3E in CD3E humanized mice was detected by RT-PCR as well as flow cytometry, also a tumor model was established based on CD3E humanized mice, and the pharmacodynamic effects of CD3E monoclonal antibodies were evaluated.

β-elemonic acid inhibits growth and triggers apoptosis in human castration-resistant prostate cancer cells through the suppression of JAK2/STAT3/MCL-1 and NF-ĸB signal pathways.

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has become a significant problem in the current treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) with the characteristics of high metastatic potential, resistance and easy recurrence. The abnormal activation of JAK2/STAT3/MCL-1 and NF-κB has been confirmed as the main reason for the development of CRPC. We previously found that β-elemonic acid (β-EA) as a natural triterpene has potential anti-inflammatory and anti-osteosarcoma effects with lower toxicity.

β-Elemonic acid inhibits the growth of human Osteosarcoma through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP activation and Wnt/β-catenin signal suppression.

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is a significant threat to the lives of children and young adults. Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the first choice of treatment for OS, it is limited by serious side-effects and cancer metastasis. β-Elemonic acid (β-EA), an active component extracted from Boswellia carterii Birdw.

Mitochondria-Targeted Two-Photon Fluorescent Photosensitizers for Cancer Cell Apoptosis via Spatial Selectability.

Organelle-targeted photosensitizers have been reported to be effective cell apoptosis agents. Mitochondria is recognized as an ideal target for cancer treatment due to its central role in oxidative metabolism and apoptosis. Meanwhile, two-photon (TP) fluorescence microscopy has become a powerful tool for fluorescence imaging in biological events based on its minimizing photodamage/photobleaching and intrinsic 3D resolution in deep tissues and in vivo.

Luteolin Ameliorates Testis Injury and Blood-Testis Barrier Disruption through the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway and by Upregulating Cx43.

Scope: Luteolin, a natural flavonoid, displays protective activities to testicular tissue. However, the molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, the aim is to identify the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of luteolin against triptolide (TP)-induced damage of testicular tissue.

Corosolic acid, a natural triterpenoid, induces ER stress-dependent apoptosis in human castration resistant prostate cancer cells via activation of IRE-1/JNK, PERK/CHOP and TRIB3.

Background: The development of potent non-toxic chemotherapeutic drugs against castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains a major challenge. Corosolic acid (CA), a natural triterpenoid, has anti-cancer activity with limited side effects. However, CA anti-prostate cancer activities and mechanisms, particularly in CRPC, are not clearly understood.

Raddeanin A inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in human colorectal cancer through downregulating the Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB signaling pathway.

Aims: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most lethal human malignancies with high incidence and lack of effective therapy. Raddeanin A (RA), an active triterpenoid saponins, has been demonstrated the ability to inhibit the growth of tumor. But the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of RA in CRC remain elusive.

Estimation of personal PM and BC exposure by a modeling approach - Results of a panel study in Shanghai, China.

Background: Epidemiologic studies of PM (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm) and black carbon (BC) typically use ambient measurements as exposure proxies given that individual measurement is infeasible among large populations. Failure to account for variation in exposure will bias epidemiologic study results.

Raddeanin A, a natural triterpenoid saponin compound, exerts anticancer effect on human osteosarcoma via the ROS/JNK and NF-κB signal pathway.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent and high mortality primary bone tumor in the adolescent. And it is well-known for poor prognosis due to high incidence of metastasis. Raddeanin A (RA), an active component of Anemone raddeana Regel, showed potential anti-cancer activities.

[H₂O₂ alters metabolism in TM4 Sertoli cells in the mouse].

Objective: To explore the mechanisms of oxidative stress-induced damage to TM4 Sertoli cells in the mouse using metabolomics techniques based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Methods: We established the model of oxidative stress-induced damage to mouse TM4 Sertoli cells by treatment with H₂O₂. Then, we detected the survival rate and apoptosis rate of the TM4 cells by MTT and flow cytometry respectively, measured the concentration of ROS in the TM4 cells with the DCFH-DA fluorescent probe, and determined the levels of endogenous metabolites in the TM4 cells by GC-MS after H₂O₂ intervention.

Estimation of residential fine particulate matter infiltration in Shanghai, China.

Ambient concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM) concentration is often used as an exposure surrogate to estimate PM health effects in epidemiological studies. Ignoring the potential variations in the amount of outdoor PM infiltrating into indoor environments will cause exposure misclassification, especially when people spend most of their time indoors. As it is not feasible to measure the PM infiltration factor (F) for each individual residence, we aimed to build models for residential PMF prediction and to evaluate seasonal F variations among residences.

Triptolide induces Sertoli cell apoptosis in mice via ROS/JNK-dependent activation of the mitochondrial pathway and inhibition of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response.

Triptolide (TP), an oxygenated diterpene, has a variety of beneficial pharmacodynamic activities but its clinical applications are restricted due to severe testicular injury. This study aimed to delineate the molecular mechanisms of TP-induced testicular injury in vitro and in vivo. TP (5-50000 nmol/L) dose-dependently decreased the viability of TM4 Sertoli cells with an IC value of 669.

DNA hypomethylation and its mediation in the effects of fine particulate air pollution on cardiovascular biomarkers: A randomized crossover trial.

Background: Short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution has been associated with altered DNA methylation in observational studies, but it remains unclear whether this change mediates the effects on cardiovascular biomarkers.

Objective: To examine the impact of ambient PM2.

Evaluating the Impact of Criminalizing Drunk Driving on Road-Traffic Injuries in Guangzhou, China: A Time-Series Study.

Background: Road-traffic injury (RTI) is a major public-health concern worldwide. However, the effectiveness of laws criminalizing drunk driving on the improvement of road safety in China is not known.

Methods: We collected daily aggregate data on RTIs from the Guangzhou First-Aid Service Command Center from 2009 to 2012.

From Extraction to Renewal: A Global Campaign for Healthy Energy.

A global movement is emerging in the health sector to engage in discourse and advocacy on the health impacts and health costs of energy choices--specifically the health harms of extractive, climate-disrupting energy sources such as coal and gas. Individuals and organizations in the health sector have begun to address climate and energy issues at multiple levels of engagement, including with others in the health sector, with pollution-affected communities, with policy makers, and with the media. We present recent examples of health sector advocacy and leadership on the health impacts of energy choices and opportunities for broadening and deepening the movement.