Iron-based MOF with Catalase-like activity improves the synergistic therapeutic effect of PDT/ferroptosis/starvation therapy by reversing the tumor hypoxic microenvironment.

Reversing the hypoxic microenvironment of tumors is an important method to enhance the synergistic effect of tumor treatment. In this work, we developed the nanoparticles called Ce6@HGMOF, which consists of a photosensitizer (Ce6), glucose oxidase (GOX), chemotherapy drugs (HCPT) and an iron-based metal-organic framework (MOF). Ce6@HGMOF can consume glucose in tumor cells through "starvation therapy", cut off their nutrition source, and produce gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide (HO).

EXPRESS: Landmark Publications in Analytical Atomic Spectrometry: Fundamentals and Instrumentation Development.

The almost-two-centuries history of spectrochemical analysis has generated a body of literature so vast that it has become nearly intractable for experts, much less for those wishing to enter the field. Authoritative, focused reviews help to address this problem but become so granular that the overall directions of the field are lost. This broader perspective can be provided partially by general overviews but then the thinking, experimental details, theoretical underpinnings and instrumental innovations of the original work must be sacrificed.

Investigating the immune mechanism of natural products in the treatment of lung cancer.

With the deepening of people's understanding of lung cancer, the research of lung cancer immunotherapy has gradually become the focus of attention. As we all know, the treatment of many diseases relies on the rich sources, complex and varied compositions and wide range of unique biological properties of natural products. Studies have shown that natural products can exert anticancer effects by inducing tumor cell death, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, and enhancing tumor cell autophagy.

Combined chemo-immuno-photothermal therapy based on ursolic acid/astragaloside IV-loaded hyaluronic acid-modified polydopamine nanomedicine inhibiting the growth and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer.

Combining chemotherapy and immunotherapy is a promising strategy for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastasis. However, platinum-based chemotherapeutics and immune checkpoint blockade-based cancer immunotherapy have toxic side effects and limitations. Ursolic acid (UA) and astragaloside IV (AS-IV) are natural compounds with anticancer activity sourced from Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).

Camptothecin-Loaded and Manganese Dioxide-Coated Polydopamine Nanomedicine Used for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnosis and Chemo-Photothermal Therapy for Lung Cancer.

Introduction: Camptothecin (CPT) is a cytotoxic quinolone alkaloid (isolated from a traditional Chinese medicine Camptotheca acuminata), used for the treatment of various malignancies, which inhibits DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I). However, its drawbacks, such as poor water solubility, stability, and highly toxic side effects, limit its clinical application. Therefore, CPT needs to be prepared as a nanomedicine to improve solubility, reduce side effects, and synergize with other therapies to improve efficacy.

Advances in Antitumor Nano-Drug Delivery Systems of 10-Hydroxycamptothecin.

10-Hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) is a natural plant alkaloid from Camptotheca that shows potent antitumor activity by targeting intracellular topoisomerase I. However, factors such as instability of the lactone ring and insolubility in water have limited the clinical application of this drug. In recent years, unprecedented advances in biomedical nanotechnology have facilitated the development of nano drug delivery systems.

Synergistic chemo-photothermal and ferroptosis therapy of polydopamine nanoparticles for esophageal cancer.

To develop synergistic chemo-photothermal and ferroptosis therapy nanoparticles to improve the efficacy of treatment for esophageal cancer. FeO@PDA-HCPT nanoparticles (NPs) were constructed and characterized. Their synergistic antitumor effects were evaluated in EC1 and EC109 esophageal cancer cells as well as in esophageal cancer-bearing mice.

Acacetin inhibits invasion, migration and TGF-β1-induced EMT of gastric cancer cells through the PI3K/Akt/Snail pathway.

Background: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a pivotal cellular phenomenon involved in tumour metastasis and progression. In gastric cancer (GC), EMT is the main reason for recurrence and metastasis in postoperative patients. Acacetin exhibits various biological activities.

A polydopamine nanomedicine used in photothermal therapy for liver cancer knocks down the anti-cancer target NEDD8-E3 ligase ROC1 (RBX1).

Knocking down the oncogene ROC1 with siRNA inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells by suppressing the Neddylation pathway. However, methods for delivering siRNA in vivo to induce this high anticancer activity with low potential side effects are urgently needed. Herein, a folic acid (FA)-modified polydopamine (PDA) nanomedicine used in photothermal therapy was designed for siRNA delivery.

Intelligent Probabilistic System for Digital Tracing Cellular Origin of Individual Clinical Extracellular Vesicles.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles secreted by various cell types to mediate cell-to-cell communication through the transfer of macromolecules. EVs carry multiple cargo molecules that reflect the origins of their donor cells; thus, they can be considered reliable biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis. However, the diverse cellular origin of EV masks the detection signals generated by both tumor- and nontumor-derived cells.

Paclitaxel-loaded and folic acid-modified PLGA nanomedicine with glutathione response for the treatment of lung cancer.

Targeted delivery and smart response of nanomedicine hold great promise for improving the therapeutic efficacy and alleviating the side effects of chemotherapy agents in cancer treatment. However, availability of only a few studies that discuss organic nanomedicines with these properties limits the development prospects of nanomedicines. In the present study, folic acid (FA)-targeted delivery and glutathione (GSH) smart responsive nanomedicine were rationally designed for paclitaxel (PTX) delivery for the treatment of lung cancer.

Cinobufagin-Loaded and Folic Acid-Modified Polydopamine Nanomedicine Combined With Photothermal Therapy for the Treatment of Lung Cancer.

Cinobufagin is used as a traditional Chinese medicine for cancer therapy. However, it has some disadvantages, such as poor water solubility, short circulating half-life, and low bioavailability. In the present study, a targeted delivery and smart responsive polydopamine (PDA)-based nanomedicine for delivering cinobufagin was rationally designed to improve the anticancer efficacy of the compound for the treatment of lung cancer.

An anticancer agent-loaded PLGA nanomedicine with glutathione-response and targeted delivery for the treatment of lung cancer.

Stimuli response or controlled release is a new research hotspot in nanomedicine; however, there is scarce research on organic nanomedicines with stimuli responses, which limits their practical biological applications. In addition, homoharringtonine (HHT) has been used as an effective anticancer agent, but reducing its toxicity and side effects is an urgent problem to be solved. Herein, an EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) aptamer-modified HHT-loaded PLGA-SS-PEG nanomedicine was developed.

Smart and dual-targeted BSA nanomedicine with controllable release by high autolysosome levels.

Targeting modifications and smart responsiveness of nanomedicines can enable anticancer drugs to be selectively delivered to and controllably released in tumour cells or tissues, which can reduce the treatment's toxicity and side effects. Good biocompatibility is crucial for the clinical application of any nanomedicine. In this study, a double-targeting molecule, an RGD peptide- and 4-(2-aminoethyl) morpholine-modified, doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanomedicine, that can be controllably released by the high levels of autophagic lysosomes in tumour cells was developed.

Cetuximab-modified mesoporous silica nano-medicine specifically targets EGFR-mutant lung cancer and overcomes drug resistance.

Drug resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is the main obstacle for efficient treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant lung cancer patients. Here we design a cetuximab-capped mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MP-SiO2 NP) as the drug carrier to specifically target EGFR-mutant lung cancer cells and efficiently release loaded drugs including doxorubicin and gefitinib. This innovative nano-medicine can specifically target lung cancer cells with high EGFR expression rather than those with low EGFR level.

pH-controlled release of substrates from mesoporous SiO nanoparticles gated by metal ion-dependent DNAzymes.

The pH-controlled release of substrates from mesoporous SiO nanoparticles, MP-SiO NPs, is demonstrated by capping the pores with the Mg- or UO -dependent DNAzyme sequences and unlocking of the pores with Mg ions or UO ions at appropriate pH values. While the Mg-dependent DNAzyme reveals high activity at pH = 7.2, moderate activity at pH = 6.

Biocatalytic release of an anticancer drug from nucleic-acids-capped mesoporous SiO2 Using DNA or molecular biomarkers as triggering stimuli.

DNA-gated mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles, MP-SiO2 NPs, loaded with rhodamine B, RhB, act as "smart" materials that reveal complementary "sense" and "release" functionalities. The unlocking of the DNA pore-capping units is achieved by the biocatalytic cleavage of the DNA, and the unlocking process is amplified by the regeneration of the analyte-trigger. The RhB-loaded MP-SiO2 NPs are capped with nucleic acid hairpin structures that lock the RhB in the pores.

Light-induced and redox-triggered uptake and release of substrates to and from mesoporous SiO nanoparticles.

The photonic- and redox-triggered cyclic uptake and release of organic substrates in functionalized mesoporous SiO nanoparticles (NPs) is demonstrated. The mesoporous SiO NPs are functionalized with nitrospiropyran photoisomerizable units. Rhodamine B is encapsulated in the channels of the SiO NPs and trapped by the hydrophobic nitrospiropyran capping units.

Smart mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles for the DNAzyme-induced multiplexed release of substrates.

The fluorescent dyes methylene blue, MB(+), and thionine, Th(+), can be trapped in the pores of mesoporous silica, MP-SiO(2), by means of functional nanostructures consisting of the Mg(2+)- or Zn(2+)-dependent DNAzyme sequences. In the presence of Mg(2+) or Zn(2+) ions the respective DNAzymes are activated, leading to the specific cleavage of the respective caps, and the selective release of MB(+) or Th(+). The enlargement of the conserved loop domains of the Mg(2+)- or Zn(2+)-dependent DNAzyme sequences with foreign nucleotides prohibits the formation of active DNAzymes and eliminates the release of the respective dyes.

Helquat-induced chiroselective aggregation of Au NPs.

Au nanoparticles (NPs) are functionalized with chiral (R) or (S) binaphthol phenylboronic acid ligands, (1a) or (1b). The (R)- or (S)-binaphthol phenylboronic acid ligands form donor-acceptor complexes with the chiral dicationic helicene, helquat (P)-HQ(2+) or (M)-HQ(2+), (2a) or (2b). The association constants between (1a)/(2a) and (1a)/(2b) correspond to (7.

Fluorescence detection of DNA, adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP), and telomerase activity by zinc(II)-protoporphyrin IX/G-quadruplex labels.

The zinc(II)-protoporphyrin IX (ZnPPIX) fluorophore binds to G-quadruplexes, and this results in the enhanced fluorescence of the fluorophore. This property enabled the development of DNA sensors, aptasensors, and a sensor following telomerase activity. The DNA sensor is based on the design of a hairpin structure that includes a "caged" inactive G-quadruplex sequence.

A sensitive choline biosensor using Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles as peroxidase mimics.

A sensitive choline biosensor using Fe(3)O(4) magnetic nanoparticles and a choline oxidase modified gold electrode was developed. Fe(3)O(4) magnetic nanoparticles as peroxidase mimics used in the choline biosensor can not only improve the sensitivity of the response signal, but also possess the favorable properties of stability, magnetic separation and easy preparation, etc. When using the reduction currents of square wave voltammetry as the detection signals, the interferences of ascorbic acid and uric acid to the choline biosensor can be reduced effectively.

Distinction of single base mismatches in duplex DNA using methylene blue as optical indicator.

A simple and sensitive approach for the recognition of single base mismatches in duplex DNA was developed. The single base mismatched double-strand (ds) DNA and the completely complementary dsDNA can quench the fluorescence of methylene blue to the different values, so the point mutation dsDNA can be identified from the duplex DNA effectively. The fluorescence intensity was decreased with the increasing dsDNA concentration in the range of 10~1000 nM, the detection limit was estimated to be 50 nM (S/N = 3).

A sensitive choline biosensor with supramolecular architecture.

A sensitive biosensor with supramolecular architecture was designed and implemented here to detect choline. Choline oxidase and horseradish peroxidase were assembled onto the polymer of thiolated beta-cyclodextrin and platinum nanoparticles modified gold electrode through 1-adamantane carboxylic acid coupling. Square wave voltammetry showed that the reduction currents at 0.

Real-time study of genomic DNA structural changes upon interaction with small molecules using dual-polarization interferometry.

The structural changes of genomic DNA upon interaction with small molecules have been studied in real time using dual-polarization interferometry (DPI). Native or thermally denatured DNA was immobilized on the silicon oxynitride surface via a preadsorbed poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) layer. The mass loading was similar for both types of DNA; however, native DNA formed a looser and thicker layer due to its rigidity, unlike the more flexible denatured DNA, which mixed with PEI to form a denser and thinner layer.