F-FAPI-42 PET/CT enhances the diagnostic efficacy for peritoneal metastasis of colorectal cancer and guides treatment decisions: an original retrospective study.

Background: Colorectal cancer is the third-most common type of cancer. When peritoneal metastasis (PM) develops, diagnosing metastatic lesions is difficult and the prognosis is poor. This study aimed to compare the value of fluorine-18 fibroblast activation protein-specific inhibitor (F-FAPI-42) and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for detecting PM of colorectal cancer and to guide clinical decision-making.

A F-FDG PET/CT based radiomics nomogram for predicting disease-free survival in stage II/III colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Objectives: This study aimed to establish a clinical nomogram model based on a radiomics signatures derived from F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) and clinical parameters to predict disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with stage II/III colorectal adenocarcinoma. Understanding and predicting DFS in these patients is key to optimizing treatment strategies.

Methods: A retrospective analysis included 332 cases from July 2011 to July 2021 at The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, with PET/CT assessing radiomics features and clinicopathological features.

Confinement effects of mandrel degradation in ICF target fabrication.

Understanding and further regulating the degradation of mandrel materials is a key aspect of target fabrication in inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Here, a quasi-one-dimensional confinement model is developed using a series of single-walled carbon nanotubes with varying diameters (Dm), and the degradation of poly-α-methylstyrene (PAMS) as a typical mandrel material is investigated under such confined conditions by using the combined method of quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics. In comparison to the isolated system, the calculations show that confinement can decrease or increase the energy barriers of PAMS degradation, which directly depends on Dm.

Preclinical study and first-in-human imaging of [F]FAP-2286, and comparison with 2-[F]FDG PET/CT in various cancer patients.

Purpose: Fibroblast-activated protein (FAP) is highly expressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) of many solid cancers, but low or absent in normal tissues. Our study aimed to develop a novel FAP-specific tracer, namely [F]FAP-2286, and evaluated its performance in comparison with well-established agents such as [F]FAPI-42 and [Ga]Ga-FAP-2286 in preclinical research, as well as 2-[F]FDG in pilot clinical study.

Methods: [F]FAP-2286 was manually synthesized in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP).

Assessment of water enema PET/CT: an effective imaging technique for the diagnosis of incidental colorectal F-FDG uptake.

Background: To validate the feasibility of water enema PET/CT (WE-PET/CT) in incidental colorectal F-FDG uptake and improve the accuracy of diagnosing colorectal neoplastic lesions.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed the electronic records of 338 patients undergoing common PET/CT and WE-PET/CT at our hospital. PET/CT results were correlated with colonoscopy pathology and follow-up results.

Case report: Uncommon multiple metastases from occult breast cancer revealed by Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT.

Occult breast cancer is an uncommon type of breast cancer and its diagnosis is challenging. It is usually invisible on multiple imaging examines. Metastases to the rectum and inguinal lymph nodes from occult breast lobular cancer are even rarer.

Side-chain engineering for high degradation performance of mandrel materials in ICF target fabrication.

The exploration of mandrel materials with superior degradation performance to the traditionally adopted hydrocarbon polymer of poly-α-methylstyrene (PAMS), has always been an important pursuit for fabricating high-quality inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets. Here, we propose a method to enhance the degradation performance of mandrel material based on side-chain engineering. A series of hydrocarbon cyclic functional groups, including cyclopentane, cyclopentadiene, naphthalene and azulene, are used to replace the benzene ring on the side chain of PAMS to form new polymer structures.

Initiator enhancement of mandrel degradation for ICF target fabrication.

Poly-α-methylstyrene (PAMS), as an ideal mandrel material used in the fabrication of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets, its efficient degradation is the key to the quality of targets. However, there is a great challenge to achieve enhanced degradation. Here, we proposed the strategy to optimize the degradation of PAMS microspheres using di--butyl peroxide (DTBP) as a degradation initiator.

Quantum tunneling of hydrogen atom transfer affects mandrel degradation in inertial confinement fusion target fabrication.

Poly-α-methylstyrene (PAMS) is considered as the preferred mandrel material, whose degradation is crucial for the fabrication of high-quality inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets. Herein, we reveal that hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) during PAMS degradation, which is usually attributed to the thermal effect, unexpectedly exhibits a strong high-temperature tunneling effect. Specifically, although the energy barrier of the HAT reaction is only 10 magnitude different from depolymerization, the tunneling probability of the former can be 14-32 orders of magnitude greater than that of the latter.

First Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosion Experiment in Octahedral Spherical Hohlraum.

In inertial confinement approaches to fusion, the asymmetry of target implosion is a major obstacle to achieving high gain in the laboratory. A recently proposed octahedral spherical hohlraum makes it possible to naturally create spherical target irradiation without supplementary symmetry control. Before any decision is made to pursue an ignition-scale laser system based on the octahedral hohlraum, one needs to test the concept with the existing facilities.

Cell death PET/CT imaging of rat hepatic fibrosis with F-labeled small molecule tracer.

Purpose: To evaluate the potential feasibility of Al[F]F-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triaceticacid (NOTA)-tripolyethylene glycol (PEG)-Duramycin (Al[F]F-NOTA-PEG-Duramycin) positron emission tomography (PET) for imaging of rat hepatic fibrosis.

Procedures: Hepatic fibrosis rat models were injected with thioacetamide (TAA), control rats received saline (n = 12 per group). Rats in the two groups underwent PET imaging using Al[F]F-NOTA-PEG-Duramycin and [F]FDG at multiple time points (2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after TAA or saline treatment).

F-Trifluoromethylated D-Cysteine as a Promising New PET Tracer for Glioma Imaging: Comparative Analysis With MRI and Histopathology in Orthotopic C6 Models.

Comparing MRI and histopathology, this study aims to comprehensively explore the potential application of F-trifluoromethylated D-cysteine ([F]CF-D-CYS) in evaluating glioma by using orthotopic C6 glioma models. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats ( = 9) were implanted with C6 glioma cells. Tumor growth was monitored every week by multiparameter MRI [including dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI)], [F]FDG, [F]CF-D-CYS, and [F]FDOPA PET imaging.

Propionic Acid-Based PET Imaging of Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the potential value of 2-[F]fluoropropionic acid ([F]FPA) for PET imaging of prostate cancer (PCa) and to explore the relationship between [F]FPA accumulation and fatty acid synthase (FASN) levels in PCa models. The results of the first [F]FPA PET study of a PCa patient are reported.

Procedures: The LNCaP, PC-3 cell lines with high FASN expression, and DU145 cell lines with low FASN expression were selected for cell culture.

N-(2-F-fluoropropionyl)-l-glutamate as a potential oncology tracer for PET imaging of glioma.

N-(2-F-fluoropropionyl)-l-glutamate (F-FPGLU), a new N-substituted F-labeling l-glutamate, is a potential amino acid tracer for oncology PET imaging with good tumor-to-background contrast in several tumor-bearing mice. Herein, we evaluated the potential value of F-FPGLU for PET imaging of glioma in orthotopic glioma-bearing SD rats. A series of competitive inhibition experiments with various types of inhibitors were conducted with C6 cells to investigate the transport mechanism of F-FPGLU in glioma.

Heterotrimeric G-protein α subunit (LeGPA1) confers cold stress tolerance to processing tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill).

Background: Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) are key foods, and their molecular biology and evolution have been well described. Tomato plants originated in the tropics and, thus, are cold sensitive.

Results: Here, we generated LeGPA1 overexpressing and RNA-interference (RNAi) transgenic tomato plants, which we then used to investigate the function of LeGPA1 in response to cold stress.

Diagnostic performance of ultrasonography, dual-phase Tc-MIBI scintigraphy, early and delayed Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT in preoperative parathyroid gland localization in secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Background: Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) usually requires parathyroidectomy when drug regimens fail. However, obtaining an exact preoperative map of the locations of the parathyroid glands is a challenge. The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of US, dual-phase Tc-MIBI scintigraphy, early and delayed Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT in patients with SHPT.

Chidamide based combination regimen for treatment of monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T cell lymphoma following radical operation: Two case reports.

Background: Monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T cell lymphoma (MEITL) is a rare extra-nodal T-cell lymphoma that has uniformly aggressive features with a poor prognosis. No standardized treatment protocols have been established. Previous experience has demonstrated favorable outcomes with combination chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant.

Effects of surfactant adsorption on the formation of compound droplets in microfluidic devices.

Driven by the need to prepare monodisperse compound droplets, the formation mechanism of compound droplets was comprehensively investigated. With increasing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) concentration in the W2 phase, the formation mechanism of inner W1 droplet is not affected while the behavior of the O phase in the W2 phase is different. The W1/O compound droplets can form stably in an inner squeezing - outer dripping regime, but the structure of the W1/O compound droplets are affected by the formation time matching between inner W1 droplet and W1/O compound droplets, which influences the stability of the compound droplets.

Targeting Phosphatidylethanolamine with Fluorine-18 Labeled Small Molecule Probe for Apoptosis Imaging.

Purpose: Externalization of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in dying cells makes the phospholipid an attractive target for apoptosis imaging. However, no ideal PE-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer was developed. The goal of the study was to develop a novel PE-targeted radiopharmaceutical to imaging apoptosis.

High performance optical temperature sensing via selectively partitioning Cr in the residual SiO-rich phase of glass-ceramics.

Quadrivalent Cr theoretically exhibits great potential to achieve higher photo-luminescence (PL) lifetime based temperature sensitivity than the commonly utilized trivalent Cr, but the problem is how to stabilize the anomalous quadrivalent chemical state of Cr. Here we propose a type of glass-ceramic phase structure with a precipitated ZnAlO crystalline sub-phase and a residual ZnO-SrO-SiO glassy sub-phase, where Cr can be well stabilized in the residual glassy sub-phase. From PL spectra, Cr or Cr was found to be located at T (tetrahedral crystal filed) or O (octahedral crystal filed) sites with a relatively high crystal field strength.

An effective method to make polymers degrade readily: spatial isomerization.

The widespread application of hydrocarbon polymers has spurred an increasing interest in the study of their degradation mechanism. In general, the chemical inertness of polymers makes their degradation by low-energy processes a challenging problem. Herein, we report a method of spatial isomerization to make polymers degrade easily.

Synthesis of enantiopure F-trifluoromethyl cysteine as a structure-mimetic amino acid tracer for glioma imaging.

Although C-labelled sulfur-containing amino acids (SAAs) including L-methyl-[C]methionine and -[C]-methyl-L-cysteine, are attractive tracers for glioma positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, their applications are limited by the short half-life of the radionuclide C ( = 20.4 min). However, development of F-labelled SAAs (F, = 109.

Validation of R-2-[F]Fluoropropionic Acid as a Potential Tracer for PET Imaging of Liver Cancer.

Purpose: 2-[F]Fluoropropionic acid (RS-[F]FPA) has shown potential value as a short-chain fatty acid positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for the detection of liver cancer. However, RS-[F]FPA is a mixture of 2-R-[F]fluoropropionic acid (R-[F]FPA) and 2-S-[F]fluoropropionic acid (S-[F]FPA). The aim of this study is to validate the feasibility of R-[F]FPA in preclinical PET imaging of liver cancer and to compare the use of R-[F]FPA with that of RS-[F]FPA and S-[F]FPA.

PET Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinomas: F-Fluoropropionic Acid as a Complementary Radiotracer for F-Fluorodeoxyglucose.

Objective: To evaluate the preclinical value of F-fluoropropionic acid (F-FPA) and F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) for imaging HCCs.

Methods: The F-FPA and F-FDG uptake patterns in 3 HCC cell lines (Hep3B, HepG2, and SK-Hep1) were assessed in vitro and in vivo. The F-FPA uptake mechanism was investigated using inhibition experiments with orlistat and 5-tetradecyloxy-2-furoic acid.

Apoptotic PET Imaging of Rat Pulmonary Fibrosis With [F]ML-8.

Objective: To investigate the value of 2-(3-[F]fluoropropyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid ([F]ML-8) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of rat pulmonary fibrosis.

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups, including pulmonary fibrosis model group and control group. The rat model was established by an intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (BLM).