Novel Chitin Deacetylase from Highlights the Potential for Chitin Derivative Production.

β-Chitin is an important carbon fixation product of diatoms, and is the most abundant nitrogen-containing polysaccharide in the ocean. It has potential for widespread application, but the characterization of chitin-related enzymes from β-chitin producers has rarely been reported. In this study, a chitin deacetylase (TwCDA) was retrieved from the Marine Microbial Eukaryote Transcriptome Sequencing Project (MMETSP) database and was heterologously expressed in vitro for functional analysis.

Isolation and functional verification of an aspartate aminotransferase gene from Neoporphyra haitanensis.

Background: Neoporphyra haitanensis is a commercial laver species in China. Aspartic acid is an important flavor amino acid, and aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) is a crucial enzyme in its biosynthesis. In this study, we cloned one AAT gene (NhAAT) from the red alga N.

Characterization of a Marine Diatom Chitin Synthase Using a Combination of Meta-Omics, Genomics, and Heterologous Expression Approaches.

β-Chitin has important ecological and physiological roles and potential for widespread applications, but the characterization of chitin-related enzymes from β-chitin producers was rarely reported. Querying against the Oceans Gene Atlas, 4,939 chitin-related unique sequences from 12 Pfam accessions were found in Bacillariophyta metatranscriptomes. Putative chitin synthase (CHS) sequences are decreasingly present in Crustacea (39%), Stramenopiles (16%) and Insecta (14%) from the Marine Atlas of Oceans Unigenes version 1 Metatranscriptomes (MATOUv1+T) database.

The Cell Wall Polysaccharides Biosynthesis in Seaweeds: A Molecular Perspective.

Cell wall polysaccharides (CWPS) of seaweeds play crucial roles in mechanical shear resistance, cell-cell adhesion and the interactions with changeable marine environments. They have diverse applications in food, cosmetics, agriculture, pharmaceuticals and therapeutics. The recent boost of multi-omics sequence analysis has rapidly progressed the mining of presumed genes encoding enzymes involved in CWPS biosynthesis pathways.

Glutamate Dehydrogenase Functions in Glutamic Acid Metabolism and Stress Resistance in .

is an important laver species in China. Its quality traits are closely related to the content of glutamic acid. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is a crucial enzyme in the glutamic acid metabolism.

Full-Length Transcriptome of as a Reference Resource and Mining of Chitin-Related Genes.

β-Chitin produced by diatoms is expected to have significant economic and ecological value due to its structure, which consists of parallel chains of chitin, its properties and the high abundance of diatoms. Nevertheless, few studies have functionally characterised chitin-related genes in diatoms owing to the lack of omics-based information. In this study, we first compared the chitin content of three representative species.

Genome-wide identification of chitinase genes in Thalassiosira pseudonana and analysis of their expression under abiotic stresses.

Background: The nitrogen-containing polysaccharide chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer on earth and is found in the cell walls of diatoms, where it serves as a scaffold for biosilica deposition. Diatom chitin is an important source of carbon and nitrogen in the marine environment, but surprisingly little is known about basic chitinase metabolism in diatoms.

Results: Here, we identify and fully characterize 24 chitinase genes from the model centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana.

Genome-wide analysis of the Saccharina japonica sulfotransferase genes and their transcriptional profiles during whole developmental periods and under abiotic stresses.

Background: As a unique sulfated polysaccharide, fucoidan is an important component of cell wall in brown seaweeds. Its biochemical properties are determined by the positions and quantity of sulfate groups. Sulfotransferases (STs) catalyze the sulfation process, which transfer the sulfuryl groups to carbohydrate backbones and are crucial for fucoidan biosynthesis.

Transcriptome sequencing of Saccharina japonica sporophytes during whole developmental periods reveals regulatory networks underlying alginate and mannitol biosynthesis.

Background: Alginate is an important cell wall component and mannitol is a soluble storage carbon substance in the brown seaweed Saccharina japonica. Their contents vary with kelp developmental periods and harvesting time. Alginate and mannitol regulatory networks and molecular mechanisms are largely unknown.

Verification of the Translocon and its Localization in the Chloroplast Membrane in Diatoms.

Tic20 is an important translocon protein that plays a role in protein transport in the chloroplast. The sequence of Tic20 was determined in the lower brown alga . Structural analysis of SjTic20 revealed a noncanonical structure consisting of an N-terminal non-cyanobacterium-originated EF-hand domain (a helix-loop-helix structural domain) and a C-terminal cyanobacterium-originated Tic20 domain.

Genome-wide identification of genes involved in carbon fixation in Saccharina japonica and responses of putative C-related genes to bicarbonate concentration and light intensity.

Brown algae play a dominant role in the primary productivity of coastal ecosystems and may have an efficient carbon fixation. In this work, 56 genes involved in inorganic carbon fixation were identified from the Saccharina japonica genome. Sequence structure analysis of these genes showed the existence of corresponding function domains and active amino acid sites highly conserved with other stramenopile species.

Comparative characterization of putative chitin deacetylases from Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Thalassiosira pseudonana highlights the potential for distinct chitin-based metabolic processes in diatoms.

Chitin is generally considered to be present in centric diatoms but not in pennate species. Many aspects of chitin biosynthetic pathways have not been explored in diatoms. We retrieved chitin metabolic genes from pennate (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) and centric (Thalassiosira pseudonana) diatom genomes.

Identification and characterization of Prunus persica miRNAs in response to UVB radiation in greenhouse through high-throughput sequencing.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression of target mRNAs involved in plant growth, development, and abiotic stress. As one of the most important model plants, peach (Prunus persica) has high agricultural significance and nutritional values. It is well adapted to be cultivated in greenhouse in which some auxiliary conditions like temperature, humidity, and UVB etc.

Comparative characterization of two GDP-mannose dehydrogenase genes from Saccharina japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae).

Background: Saccharina japonica is an important commercial brown seaweed, its main product is alginate, which is used in food, textile and by the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. GDP-mannose dehydrogenase (GMD) is the key enzyme involved in the synthesis of alginate. However, little is known about GMD in S.

Characterization of mannitol-2-dehydrogenase in Saccharina japonica: evidence for a new polyol-specific long-chain dehydrogenases/reductase.

Mannitol plays a crucial role in brown algae, acting as carbon storage, organic osmolytes and antioxidant. Transcriptomic analysis of Saccharina japonica revealed that the relative genes involved in the mannitol cycle are existent. Full-length sequence of mannitol-2-dehydrogenase (M2DH) gene was obtained, with one open reading frame of 2,007 bp which encodes 668 amino acids.

Mannitol metabolism in brown algae involves a new phosphatase family.

Brown algae belong to a phylogenetic lineage distantly related to green plants and animals, and are found predominantly in the intertidal zone, a harsh and frequently changing environment. Because of their unique evolutionary history and of their habitat, brown algae feature several peculiarities in their metabolism. One of these is the mannitol cycle, which plays a central role in their physiology, as mannitol acts as carbon storage, osmoprotectant, and antioxidant.

Chloroplast genome of one brown seaweed, Saccharina japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyta): its structural features and phylogenetic analyses with other photosynthetic plastids.

The chloroplast genome sequence of one brown seaweed, Saccharina japonica, was fully determined. It is characterized by 130,584 base pairs (bp) with a large and a small single-copy region (LSC and SSC), separated by two copies of inverted repeats (IR1 and IR2). The inverted repeat is 5015 bp long, and the sizes of SSC and LSC are 43,174 bp and 77,378 bp, respectively.

QTL mapping for frond length and width in Laminaria japonica aresch (Laminarales, Phaeophyta) using AFLP and SSR markers.

In Laminaria japonica Aresch breeding practice, two quantitative traits, frond length (FL) and frond width (FW), are the most important phenotypic selection index. In order to increase the breeding efficiency by integrating phenotypic selection and marker-assisted selection, the first set of QTL controlling the two traits were determined in F(2) family using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Two prominent L.