Mechanism of activation of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway induced by heat stress disrupting the filtration barrier in broiler.

Background: High-temperature environment can cause acute kidney injury affecting renal filtration function. To study the mechanism of renal injury caused by heat stress through activates TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway by disrupting the filtration barrier in broiler chickens. The temperature of broilers in the TN group was maintained at 23 ± 1 °C, and the HS group temperature was maintained at 35 ± 1℃ from the age of 21 days, and the high temperature was 10 h per day, and one broiler from each replicate group at the age of 35 and 42 days was selected for blood sampling, respectively.

Research progress into the principles and methods underlying capsular typing of Glaesserella parasuis.

Glaesserella parasuis (GPS) is an important bacterial pathogen of swine. Serotype identification has presented a bottleneck in GPS research since it was first identified as the pathogen causing Glässer's disease in pigs in 1910. This paper presents a systematic review of the history of the development and application of gel immunodiffusion (GID), indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) typing methods for GPS, and the discovery of their shared antigenic basis.

Chronic Heat Stress Induces Oxidative Stress and Induces Inflammatory Injury in Broiler Spleen via TLRs/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Broilers.

The spleen is the largest peripheral immune organ of the organism, accounting for 25% of the total lymphoid tissue of the body. During HS, the spleen is damaged due to the elevated environment, which seriously affects life performance and broilers' health. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of chronic HS damage to broiler spleen tissues.

Regional differences of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection and multidrug resistance epidemic in Luoyang.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health event of great concern, however epidemic data on TB covering entire areas during the special period of the COVID-19 epidemic have rarely been reported. We compared the dissemination and multidrug-resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in the main urban area of Luoyang City, China (including six municipal jurisdictions) and nine county and township areas under its jurisdiction, aimed to establish the epidemiology of TB in this region and to provide reference for precision anti-TB in places with similar settings.

Methods: From 2020 to 2022, sputum samples were collected from 18,504 patients with confirmed, suspected and unexcluded TB in 10 designated TB medical institutions.

Chronic heat stress induces lung injury in broiler chickens by disrupting the pulmonary blood-air barrier and activating TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway.

As an important respiratory organ, the lung is susceptible to damage during heat stress due to the accelerated breathing frequency caused by an increase in environmental temperature. This can affect the growth performance of animals and endanger their health. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of lung tissue damage caused by heat stress.

Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Luoyang, China.

Objective: We aimed to examine the prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Luoyang, China, identify related risk factors, inform clinical practices, and establish standardized anti-tubercular treatment regimens.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of high-resolution melting curve (HRM) data from 17,773 cases (2,748 of which were positive) between June 2019 and May 2022 to assess the prevalence of MDR-TB and to identify its associated risk factors.

Results: Between June 2019 and May 2022, out of the 17,773 HRM results, 2,748 were HRM-positive, and 312 were MDR-TB cases.

Immunogenicity and efficacy of serogroup A and D bacterins against in mice.

Introduction: is a widespread respiratory pathogen in pigs, causing swine pneumonia and atrophic rhinitis, and the capsular serogroups A and D are the main epidemic serogroups in infected animals. This study investigated the protective effects of serogroup A and D bacterins against current circulating strains, to better understand the immunity generated by bacterins.

Method: 13 serogroup A (seven A: L3 and six A: L6 strains) and 13 serogroup D (all D: L6 strains) strains were isolated, and used as inactivated whole cell antigen to prepare bacterins.

Regional distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid as determined by high-resolution melt analysis.

Background: Identifying the transmission mode and resistance mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is key to prevent disease transmission. However, there is a lack of regional data. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with the transmission of MTB and regional patterns of resistance to isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RFP), as well as the prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).

Screening immune adjuvants for an inactivated vaccine against .

In this study, we screened adjuvants for an inactivated vaccine against (). Inactivated cells of strain HG-1 were prepared as the antigen in five adjuvanted inactivated vaccines, including a mineral-oil-adjuvanted vaccine (Oli vaccine), aluminum-hydroxide-gel-adjuvanted vaccine (Alh vaccine), ISA201-biphasic-oil-emulsion-adjuvanted vaccine (ISA201 vaccine), GEL02-water-soluble-polymer-adjuvanted vaccine (GEL vaccine), and IMS1313-water-soluble-nanoparticle-adjuvanted vaccine (IMS1313 vaccine). The safety test results of subcutaneous inoculation in mice showed that Oli vaccine had the most severe side effects, with a combined score of 35, followed by the ISA201 vaccine (25 points), Alh vaccine (20 points), GEL vaccine (10 points), and IMS1313 vaccine (10 points).

Disordered Expression of Tight Junction Proteins Is Involved in the Mo-induced Intestinal Microenvironment Dysbiosis in Sheep.

To evaluate the molybdenum (Mo)-induced changes of intestinal morphology and the relationship of intestinal tight junction (TJ) proteins expression and intestinal barrier function, a total of 20 healthy sheep were randomly divided into five groups of four: 0, 5, 10, 20, and 50 mg/kg BW/day NaMoO·2HO were administrated in five groups named control group, Mo 5 group, Mo 10 group, Mo 20 group, and Mo 50 group, respectively. After 28 days of Mo treatment, the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum tissue were collected. The histopathology and the developmental parameters were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining.

Immune Protective Efficacy of China's Traditional Inactivated and Attenuated Vaccines against the Prevalent Strains of in Mice.

Capsular type A and D strains of are the main epidemic serogroups in pigs in China. In this study, we preliminarily evaluated the immune protective efficacy of the two traditional vaccines, an inactivated C44-1 aluminum-hydroxide-gel-adjuvanted (Alh-C44-1) vaccine and a live EO630 vaccine, against currently circulating strains of in a mouse model. Mice immunized twice with conventional vaccines generated higher antibody titers, and significantly higher levels of IgG were observed in the mice inoculated with the inactivated Alh-C44-1 vaccine on day 35 ( < 0.

[Development of molecular markers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis rifampicin resistance gene rpoB by PARMS technology].

The purpose of this study is to provide a simple and reliable genetic typing approach for molecular drug susceptibility test of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, through the developing of fluorescence molecular marker of rifampicin resistance gene rpoB. Eleven fluorescent molecular markers of the rpoB gene were established by using the sequence difference between the amino acid positions 531, 526, 516, 511 and 513 of rpoB gene of rifampicin-resistant strains and the alleles of rifampicin-sensitive strains, combined with the PARMS technique (Penta-primer amplification refractory mutation system). We used 104 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to validate this marker and it was verified by sequencing as 100% correct.

Comparison of the Virulence in Mice and Piglets.

In this study, we compared the virulence of the most common serovars of in China, serovars 4, 5, 12, and 13 (36 strains in total) in BALB/c mice and piglets. In mice, the median lethal doses (LDs) of the four serovars were roughly 9.80 × 10-4.

Enhancing the antibacterial activity of antimicrobial peptide PMAP-37(F34-R) by cholesterol modification.

Background: The problem of increasing resistance against conventional antibiotics has drawn people's attention. Therefore, the development of novel antibacterial agents with effective and safe therapeutic effects is imminent. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered a promising class of antibacterial agents due to their broad antibacterial spectrum.

N-terminal Myristoylation Enhanced the Antimicrobial Activity of Antimicrobial Peptide PMAP-36PW.

Drug-resistant bacteria infections and drug residues have been increasing and causing antibiotic resistance and public health threats worldwide. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are novel antimicrobial drugs with the potential to solve these problems. Here, a peptide based on our previously studied peptide PMAP-36PW was designed via N-terminal myristoylation and referred to as Myr-36PW.

Molecular pathogenesis of the hyaluronic acid capsule of Pasteurella multocida.

Pasteurella multocida possesses a viscous capsule polysaccharide on the cell surface, which is a critical structural component and virulence factor. Capsular polysaccharides are structurally similar to vertebrate glycosaminoglycans, providing an immunological mechanism for bacterial molecular mimicry, resistance to phagocytosis, and immune evasion during the infection process. Based on the capsular antigen, P.

The prevalence of amphenicol resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from pigs in mainland China from 2000 to 2018: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Amphenicols have been widely used in the pig industry in China, leading to varying degrees of drug resistance.

Methods: The systematic review was performed according to PRISMA (Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) recommendations on studies investigating the prevalence of amphenicol-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from pig in mainland China from 2000 to 2018, a random-effects model was selected, then followed by meta-analysis.

Cephalosporin Resistance in Isolated from Children with Septicemia in Mainland China from 2007 to 2017: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Septicemia in children in mainland China has recently become a public health concern. A meta-analysis was performed on studies investigating the prevalence of cephalosporin-resistant isolated from children with septicemia in mainland China from 2007 to 2017 following a search of relevant databases. A total of 43 articles reporting 11 cephalosporins were included in the review.

Biosynthesis and regulation mechanisms of the Pasteurella multocida capsule.

Pasteurella multocida possesses a polysaccharide capsule composed of a viscous surface layer that acts as a critical structural component and virulence factor. Capsular polysaccharides are structurally similar to vertebrate glycosaminoglycans, providing an immunological mechanism for bacterial molecular mimicry, resistance to phagocytosis, and immune evasion during the infection process. In recent years, a series of important research advances have been made in understanding the biosynthesis and regulatory aspects of the P.

NDM-1-producing Escherichia coli isolated from pigs induces persistent infection with limited pathogenicity.

NDM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae are multidrug-resistant bacteria, also called superbacteria, that have become important global human health threats in recent years. However, data about NDM-1-producing bacteria in animals are rare. In this study, an NDM-1-producing Escherichia coli isolate (designated E120413) was obtained from pigs in Henan province, China in 2012.

Non-lipopeptide fungi-derived peptide antibiotics developed since 2000.

The 2,5-diketopiperazines (DKPs) are the smallest cyclopeptides and their basic structure includes a six-membered piperazine nucleus. Typical peptides lack a special functional group in the oligopeptide nucleus. Both are produced by at least 35 representative genera of fungi, and possess huge potential as pharmaceutical drugs and biocontrol agents.

Fungi-derived lipopeptide antibiotics developed since 2000.

Lipopeptide antibiotics have linear or cyclic structures with one or more hydrocarbon tails linked to the N-terminus of a short oligopeptide that may be chemically modified and/or contain unusual amino acid residues in their structures. They possess huge potential as pharmaceutical drugs and biocontrol agents, and ˜30 representative genera of fungi are known to produce them. Some chemically synthesised derivatives have already been developed into commercial products or subjected to clinical trials, including cilofungin, caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin, rezafungin, emodepside, fusafungine and destruxins.

Cyanobacteria-derived peptide antibiotics discovered since 2000.

Members of cyanobacteria, including Moorea spp., Okeania spp., Lyngbya spp.

Environmental impacts and resource use of milk production on the North China Plain, based on life cycle assessment.

Life cycle assessment methodology was used to quantify the environmental impacts and resource use of milk production on the North China Plain, the largest milk production area in China. Variation in environmental burden caused by cow productivity was evaluated, as well as scenario analysis of the effects of improvement practices. The results indicated that the average environmental impact potential and resource use for producing 1kg of fat and protein corrected milk was 1.

Fatal cases of Citrobacter freundii septicemia and encephalitis in sheep.

Citrobacter freundii is considered a ubiquitous organism and an opportunistic pathogen. Reports of C. freundii-associated disease in mammals have been very limited.