Driving factors influencing spatiotemporal variation of natural organic chlorine in Shennongjia forest soil.

Studying the geochemical behavior of chlorine is the basis of understanding the chlorine cycle in nature. To explore the spatiotemporal distribution of natural organic chlorine (Cl), L layer (litter fall), F-H layer (humification zone), topsoil layer (0-20 cm), and deep soil layer (20-40 cm) samples were collected from 18 sampling sites at different altitudes (851-2918 m) in Shennongjia Forest in May, August, and December. Cl content was analyzed, and the Cl stocks were calculated.

High genetic diversity and frequent genetic reassortment of avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses along the East Asian-Australian migratory flyway.

To understand the molecular epidemiology and evolution of avian influenza viruses (AIV) along the East Asian-Australian migration flyway, we collected faecal samples (n=2859) between November 2014 and March 2015 from poultry, environmental sources and wild birds in Dongying, Shandong province and Yancheng, Jiangsu province in eastern China. The presence of AIV RNA was evaluated by real-time PCR and the positivity rate ranged from 0 to 29.3%.