CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of orf76 as an antiviral therapy against BmNPV in the transgenic silkworm.

Viral diseases pose a significant threat to livestock husbandry and plant cultivation. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted editing of viral genes offers a promising approach to antiviral therapy. The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is an economically important insect susceptible to infection by B.

Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus LEF-2 disrupts the cell cycle in the G2/M phase by triggering a host cell DNA damage response.

It is a common strategy for viruses to block the host cell cycle to favour their DNA replication. Baculovirus, being a double-stranded DNA virus, can arrest the cell cycle in the G2/M phase to facilitate its replication. However, the key viral genes and mechanisms crucial for inducing cell cycle arrest remain poorly understood.

BmHSP19.9 targeting P6.9 and VLF-1 to mediate the formation of defective progeny viruses in the silkworm antiviral variety 871C.

The 871C silkworm strain exhibits a high level of resistance to Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), making it a valuable variety for the sericulture industry. Understanding the underlying mechanism of its resistance holds great biological significance and economic value in addressing viral disease risks in sericulture. Initially, we infected the resistant strain 871C and its control strain 871 with BmNPV and conducted secondary infection experiments using the progeny occlusion bodies (OBs).

Establishment of a Secretory Protein-Inducible CRISPR/Cas9 System for in Insect Cells.

Gene editing techniques are widely and effectively used for the control of pathogens, but it is difficult to directly edit the genes of Microsporidia due to its unique spore wall structure. Innovative technologies and methods are urgently needed to break through this limitation of microsporidia therapies. Here, we establish a microsporidia-inducible gene editing system through core components of microsporidia secreted proteins, which could edit target genes after infection with microsporidia.

MicroRNA bmo-miR-31-5p inhibits apoptosis and promotes BmNPV proliferation by targeting the CYP9e2 gene of Bombyx mori.

Background: Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV), as a typical baculovirus, is the primary pathogen that infects the silkworm B. mori, a lepidopteran species. Owing to the high biological safety of BmNPV in infecting insects, it is commonly utilized as a biological insecticide for pest control.

Bombyx moriSuppressor of Hairless is involved in the regulation of the silkworm cell cycle and endoreplication of the silk glands.

The Notch signaling pathway is important in cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation. The transcriptional repressor Suppressor of Hairless [Su(H)] is a molecular switch for downstream target genes of the Notch signaling pathway but the regulatory mechanism of the Su(H) gene in the cell cycle is unclear. We determined the function of the Notch signaling pathway and Bombyx mori Su(H) [BmSu(H)] in the regulation of the silkworm cell cycle.

The Gene Is Involved in the High-Temperature Resistance of Silkworms.

Temperature is an important factor in the growth, development, survival, and reproduction of organisms. The high-temperature resistance mechanism of insects may be significant for use in the prevention and control of insect pests. The silkworm, , is an important Lepidoptera model species for studies on pest control in agriculture and forestry.

BmATAD3A mediates mitochondrial ribosomal protein expression to maintain the mitochondrial energy metabolism of the silkworm, Bombyx mori.

ATAD3A is a mitochondrial membrane protein belonging to the ATPase family that contains the AAA+ domain. It is widely involved in mitochondrial metabolism, protein transport, cell growth, development and other important life processes. It has previously been reported that the deletion of ATAD3A causes growth and development defects in humans, mice and Caenorhabditis elegans.

BmNPV Bm60 is a key target gene used by a resistant strain of Bombyx mori to inhibit BmNPV proliferation.

Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a pathogen that causes significant losses to the silkworm industry. Numerous antiviral genes and proteins have been identified by studying silkworm resistance to BmNPV. However, the molecular mechanism of silkworm resistance to BmNPV is unclear.

Apoptosis-related long non-coding RNA LINC5438 of Bombyx mori promotes the proliferation of BmNPV.

Apoptosis, as an important part of the immune response, is one of the core events in the host-virus interaction. Studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the process of cell apoptosis and pathophysiology. To investigate the apoptosis-related lncRNAs involved in Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) infecting silkworms, transcriptome sequencing was conducted based on silkworm cells infected with BmNPV before and after B.

Common strategies in silkworm disease resistance breeding research.

The silkworm, which is considered a model invertebrate organism, was the first insect used for silk production in human history and has been utilized extensively throughout its domestication. However, sericulture has been plagued by various pathogens that have  caused significant economic losses. To enhance the resistance of a host to its pathogens,numerous strategies have been developed.

Transcriptome analysis reveals that knocking out BmNPV iap2 induces apoptosis by inhibiting the oxidative phosphorylation pathway.

Apoptosis is essential for the normal growth, development, and immunity defense of living organisms, and its function and mechanisms have been intensively studied. When viral infection occurs, apoptosis is triggered, causing programmed death of the infected cells. Meanwhile, viruses have also evolved countermeasures to inhibit apoptosis in host cells.

Baculovirus LEF-11 interacts with BmIMPI to induce cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase for viral replication.

Viruses arrest the host cell cycle and using multiple functions of host cells is an important approach for their replication. Baculovirus arrests infected insect cells at both the late S and G2/M phase, but the strategy employed by baculovirus is not clearly understood. Our research suggests that the Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) could arrest the cell cycle in the G2/M phase to promote virus replication, and also that the viral protein LEF-11 could inhibit host cell proliferation and arrest the cell cycle by inhibiting the cell cycle checkpoint proteins BmCyclinB and BmCDK1.

Identification of the Key Functional Domains of Nucleopolyhedrovirus IE1 Protein.

The immediate early protein 1 (IE1) acts as a transcriptional activator and is essential for viral gene transcription and viral DNA replication. However, the key regulatory domains of IE1 remain poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the sequence characteristics of nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) IE1 and identified the key functional domains of BmNPV IE1 by stepwise truncation.

BmCDK5 Affects Cell Proliferation and Cytoskeleton Morphology by Interacting with BmCNN in .

The ordered cell cycle is important to the proliferation and differentiation of living organisms. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) perform regulatory functions in different phases of the cell cycle process to ensure order. We identified a homologous gene of the Cyclin-dependent kinase family, , in .

Analysis of Silver Nanoparticles for the Treatment and Prevention of Nucleopolyhedrovirus Affecting .

nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) causes major economic losses in sericulture. A number of agents have been employed to treat viral diseases. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have wide applications in biomedical fields due to their unique properties.

Stable transformation of fluorescent proteins into Nosema bombycis by electroporation.

Background: Microsporidia are a group of intracellular parasitic eukaryotes, serious pathogens that cause widespread infection in humans, vertebrates, and invertebrates. Because microsporidia have a thick spore wall structure, the in vitro transformation, cell culture, and genetic operation technology of microsporidia are far behind that of other parasites.

Methods: In this study, according to an analysis of the life-cycle of microsporidia, Nosema bombycis, and different electro-transformation conditions, the transduction efficiency of introducing foreign genes into N.

CRISPR/Cpf1 multiplex genome editing system increases silkworm tolerance to BmNPV.

The CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology is now widely used in insect studies, but the use of CRISPR can be further increased to improve insect genome engineering. We established a direct mutation at multiple loci in several genes simultaneously used by CRISPR/Cpf1 multiplex genome editing technology to target the BmNPV genome. We constructed a transgenic line that can target the BmNPV ie-1, gp64, and DNApoly genes simultaneously, and hybridized this line with an FnCpf1 transgenic line to obtain an FnCpf1 × gNPVM binary hybrid expression system and to activate the FnCpf1 gene editing system.

[Development of a CRISPR/Cpf1 gene editing system in silkworm Bombyx mori].

The CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system has been widely used in basic research, gene therapy and genetic engineering due to its high efficiency, fast speed and convenience. Meanwhile, the discovery of novel CRISPR/Cas systems in the microbial community also accelerated the emergence of novel gene editing tools. CRISPR/Cpf1 is the second type (V type) CRISPR system that can edit mammalian genome.

MicroRNA-6498-5p Inhibits Proliferation by Downregulating in .

As microRNAs (miRNAs) are important expression regulators of coding RNA, it is important to characterize their role in the interaction between hosts and pathogens. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the miRNA alternation in () infected with (), RNA sequencing and stem-loop qPCR were conducted to screen and identify the significantly differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs). A total of 17 such miRNAs were identified in response to infection, among which miR6498-5p efficiently inhibited the proliferation of in BmE-SWU1 (BmE) cells by downregulating ().

Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) Induces G2/M Arrest to Promote Viral Multiplication by Depleting .

Understanding virus-host interaction is very important for delineating the mechanism involved in viral replication and host resistance. Baculovirus, an insect virus, can cause S or G2/M phase arrest in insect cells. However, the roles and mechanism of Baculovirus-mediated S or G2/M phase arrest are not fully understood.

E2F4 regulates the cell cycle and DNA replication in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.

The E2F family of transcription factors is crucial for cell cycle progression and cell fate decisions. Although E2Fs have been widely studied in mammals, there have been few studies performed in insects. Here, we determined the function of E2F4 in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.

Nosema bombycis microRNA-like RNA 8 (Nb-milR8) Increases Fungal Pathogenicity by Modulating Gene Expression in Its Host, Bombyx mori.

The fungus Nosema bombycis causes significant economic losses via parasitism of an economically important insect. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in regulating host and parasite gene expression via mRNA degradation or by inhibiting protein translation. To investigate whether microRNA-like RNAs (milRNAs) regulate pathogenesis and to better understand the regulatory mechanisms underlying infection, we constructed small RNA libraries from hyphae during the schizont proliferation period.