Association between maximal urethral length preservation and postoperative continence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: a meta-analysis and systematic review.

Urinary incontinence is a common complication following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Urethral length has been identified as a factor affecting postoperative continence recovery. In this meta-analysis, we examined the association between use of the maximal urethral length preservation (MULP) technique and postoperative urinary continence in patients undergoing RARP.

Activation of the cGMP/PKG/ERK signaling pathway associated with PDE5Is inhibits fibroblast activation by downregulating autophagy in early progressive benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Purpose: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most prevalent diseases affecting aging males. However, approximately, 8% of the BPH patients under 50-year-old experience remarkably early progression, for reasons that remain elusive. Among the various factors implicated in promoting BPH advancement, the activation of fibroblasts and autophagy hold particular importance.

Cancer-associated fibroblast exosomes promote prostate cancer metastasis through miR-500a-3p/FBXW7/HSF1 axis under hypoxic microenvironment.

Metastasis is the main cause of deaths in prostate cancer (PCa). However, the exact mechanisms underlying PCa metastasis are not fully understood. In this study, we discovered pronounced hypoxia in primary lesions of metastatic PCa(mPCa).

Exploring the Enigma of 5-ARIs Resistance in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Paving the Path for Personalized Medicine.

Purpose Of Review: Despite the widespread utilization of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) for managing benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), certain BPH patients exhibit unresponsiveness to 5-ARIs therapy. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current perspectives on the mechanisms of 5-ARIs resistance in BPH patients and integrates potential biomarkers and underlying therapeutic options for 5-ARIs resistance. These findings may facilitate the development of novel or optimize more effective treatment options, and promote personalized medicine for BPH.

Upregulation of mir-1199-5p is associated with reduced type 2 5-α reductase expression in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Background: 5-α reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) are first-line drugs for managing benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Unfortunately, some patients do not respond to 5-ARI therapy and may even show worsening symptoms. The decreased expression of steroid 5-α reductase type 2(SRD5A2) in BPH tissues may explain the failure of 5-ARI therapy, however, the mechanisms underlying SRD5A2 decreased remained unelucidated.

YBX1 Promotes MSC Osteogenic Differentiation by Activating the PI3K/AKT Pathway.

Introduction: Bone metabolism has an essential role in bone disease, but its specific mechanism remains unclear. Y-Box Binding Protein 1 (YBX1) is a gene with broad nucleic acid binding properties, which encodes a highly conserved cold shock domain protein. Previous studies have shown that YBX1 is closely related to cell differentiation.

CircHYBID regulates hyaluronan metabolism in chondrocytes via hsa-miR-29b-3p/TGF-β1 axis.

Background: Hyaluronan (HA) metabolism by chondrocytes is important for cartilage development and homeostasis. However, information about the function of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in HA metabolism is limited. We therefore profiled the role of the novel HA-related circRNA circHYBID in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA).

RETRACTED: Inhibited microRNA-218-5p attenuates synovial inflammation and cartilage injury in rats with knee osteoarthritis by promoting sclerostin.

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).

Methylated CpG dinucleotides in the 5-α reductase 2 gene may explain finasteride resistance in benign prostatic enlargement patients.

The inhibition of 5-α reductase type 2 (SRD5A2) by finasteride is commonly used for the management of urinary obstruction resulting from benign prostatic enlargement (BPE). Certain BPE patients showing no SRD5A2 protein expression are resistant to finasteride therapy. Our previous work showed that methylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) islands in the SRD5A2 gene might account for the absence or reduction of SRD5A2 protein expression.

Bioactive Resorcylic Acid Lactones with Different Ring Systems from Desert Plant Chaetosphaeronema hispidulum. [corrected].

Five new resorcylic acid lactones (RALs) hispidulactones A-E (1, 4, 5, 8, and 9), a new natural product (2), and four known ones (3, 6, 7, and 10) with different ring systems were isolated from the desert plant Chaetosphaeronema hispidulum. [corrected]. The new compounds were characterized by NMR data, CD spectra, and X-ray experiment.

Bone mesenchymal stem cells co-expressing VEGF and BMP-6 genes to combat avascular necrosis of the femoral head.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) treated with a combination of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) genes for the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH). Rat BMSCs were isolated and purified using a density gradient centrifugation method. The purity and characteristics of the BMSCs were detected by cell surface antigens identification using flow cytometry.

Comparison of the risk of infections in different anti-TNF agents: a meta-analysis.

Background: Anti-tumor necrosis factor α (anti-TNF-α) treatments are widely used in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, the increased risk of infections is one of the most important side effects of anti-TNF-α agents. This study evaluated the differences between monoclonal antibodies and the soluble receptor for infections in patients with RA by direct comparison of observation studies.

Methods: A systemic literature search was conducted in March 2014 and an up-to-date search was conducted in August 2014.

New type of antimicrobial protein produced by the plant pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis.

It has previously been shown that the tomato pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis secretes a 14-kDa protein, C. michiganensis subsp.

Mode of action of a family 75 chitosanase from Streptomyces avermitilis.

Chitooligosaccharides (CHOS) are oligomers composed of glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine with several interesting bioactivities that can be produced from enzymatic cleavage of chitosans. By controlling the degree of acetylation of the substrate chitosan, the enzyme, and the extent of enzyme degradation, CHOS preparations with limited variation in length and sequence can be produced. We here report on the degradation of chitosans with a novel family 75 chitosanase, SaCsn75A from Streptomyces avermitilis .

An oxidative enzyme boosting the enzymatic conversion of recalcitrant polysaccharides.

Efficient enzymatic conversion of crystalline polysaccharides is crucial for an economically and environmentally sustainable bioeconomy but remains unfavorably inefficient. We describe an enzyme that acts on the surface of crystalline chitin, where it introduces chain breaks and generates oxidized chain ends, thus promoting further degradation by chitinases. This enzymatic activity was discovered and further characterized by using mass spectrometry and chromatographic separation methods to detect oxidized products generated in the absence or presence of H(2)(18)O or (18)O(2).

Structural basis for substrate recognition and specificity in aklavinone-11-hydroxylase from rhodomycin biosynthesis.

In the biosynthesis of several anthracyclines, aromatic polyketides produced by many Streptomyces species, the aglycone core is modified by a specific flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)- and NAD(P)H-dependent aklavinone-11-hydroxylase. Here, we report the crystal structure of a ternary complex of this enzyme from Streptomyces purpurascens, RdmE, with FAD and the substrate aklavinone. The enzyme is built up of three domains, a FAD-binding domain, a domain involved in substrate binding, and a C-terminal thioredoxin-like domain of unknown function.

Structural and functional characterization of a putative polysaccharide deacetylase of the human parasite Encephalitozoon cuniculi.

The microsporidian Encephalitozoon cuniculi is an intracellular eukaryotic parasite considered to be an emerging opportunistic human pathogen. The infectious stage of this parasite is a unicellular spore that is surrounded by a chitin containing endospore layer and an external proteinaceous exospore. A putative chitin deacetylase (ECU11_0510) localizes to the interface between the plasma membrane and the endospore.

Sequential action of two flavoenzymes, PgaE and PgaM, in angucycline biosynthesis: chemoenzymatic synthesis of gaudimycin C.

Tailoring steps in aromatic polyketide antibiotic biosynthesis are an important source of structural diversity and, consequently, an intriguing focal point for enzymological studies. PgaE and PgaM from Streptomyces sp. PGA64 are representatives of flavoenzymes catalyzing early post-PKS reactions in angucycline biosynthesis.

A nested gene in Streptomyces bacteria encodes a protein involved in quaternary complex formation.

The gene pgaM is involved in the biosynthesis of an angucycline-type polyketide antibiotic in Streptomyces sp. PGA64. It encodes a two-domain polypeptide consisting of an N-terminal flavoprotein oxygenase and a C-terminal short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase, which are fused together at the translational level as a result of end codon deletion.