Binding of zebrafish lipovitellin and L1‑ORF2 increases the accessibility of L1‑ORF2 via interference with histone wrapping.

Long interspersed nuclear element‑1 (L1) is highly expressed in the early embryos of humans, rodents and fish. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying high expression of L1 during early embryonic development, a C1‑open reading frame (ORF)2 vector was constructed in which ORF2 of human L1 (L1‑ORF2) was inserted into a pEGFP‑C1 plasmid. C1‑ORF2 vector was injected into early zebrafish embryos (EZEs) to observe expression of EGFP reporter protein by fluorescence microscopy.

Resveratrol Alleviates Liver Fibrosis Induced by Long-Term Inorganic Mercury Exposure through Activating the 1/-1α Signaling Pathway.

Liver disease has become an important risk factor for global health. Resveratrol (Res) is a natural polyphenol which is widely found in foods and has a variety of biological activities. This study investigated the role of the microbiota-gut-liver axis in the Res relieving the liver fibrosis induced by inorganic mercury exposure.

Resveratrol alleviates inorganic arsenic-induced ferroptosis in chicken brain via activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a well-recognized environmental pollutant that induces severe brain injury in humans and animals. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ferroptotic effects of resveratrol (Res) were demonstrated in multiple animal experiments. In order to investigate the protective effect of Res on iAs-induced chicken brain injury, the 40 chickens (19-d-old, female) brain injury model was established by oral administration of iAs (30 mg/L NaAsO) for 6 weeks.

Chronic arsenic exposure-provoked biotoxicity involved in liver-microbiota-gut axis disruption in chickens based on multi-omics technologies.

Introduction: Arsenic has been ranked as the most hazardous substance by the U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.

Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide alleviates thiacloprid-induced kidney injury in quails via activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Thiacloprid (THI) is a neonicotinoid insecticide, and its wide-ranging use has contributed to severe environmental and health problems. Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOP) possesses multiple biological activities such as antioxidant and antiapoptosis effect. Although present research has shown that THI causes kidney injury, the exact molecular mechanism and treatment of THI-induced kidney injury remain unclear.

Novel findings from arsenic‑lead combined exposure in mouse testicular TM4 Sertoli cells based on transcriptomics.

Arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) exist widespread in daily life, and they are common harmful substances in the environment. As and Pb pollute the environment more often in combination than in isolation. The TM4 Sertoli cell line is one of the most common normal mouse testicular Sertoli cell lines.

From animal to cell model: Pyroptosis targeted-fibrosis is a novel mechanism of lead-induced testicular toxicity.

Lead (Pb) exists widely in soil and seriously threatens agricultural soil and food crops. Pb can cause serious damage to organs. In this study, the animal model of Pb-induced rat testicular injury and the cell model of Pb-induced TM4 Sertoli cell injury were established to verify whether the testicular toxicity of Pb was related to pyroptosis-mediated fibrosis.

Chronic arsenic exposure induces ferroptosis via enhancing ferritinophagy in chicken livers.

Arsenic (As) is a well-known pollutant in the environment, whose contamination in groundwater is a serious threat to animals and humans. Ferroptosis, a form of cell death caused by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, is involved in various pathological processes. Ferritinophagy is the selective autophagy of ferritin and a crucial step in the induction of ferroptosis.

Anti-aging Effects of Alu Antisense RNA on Human Fibroblast Senescence Through the MEK-ERK Pathway Mediated by KIF15.

Objective: To investigate whether human short interspersed nuclear element antisense RNA (Alu antisense RNA; Alu asRNA) could delay human fibroblast senescence and explore the underlying mechanisms.

Methods: We transfected Alu asRNA into senescent human fibroblasts and used cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining methods to analyze the anti-aging effects of Alu asRNA on the fibroblasts. We also used an RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) method to investigate the Alu asRNA-specific mechanisms of anti-aging.

Molecular Mechanisms of Alu and LINE-1 Interspersed Repetitive Sequences Reveal Diseases of Visual System Dysfunction.

Background: Short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) and long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1s) are the abundant and well-characterized repetitive elements in the human genome.

Methods: For this review, all relevant original research studies were assessed by searching electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, by using relevant keywords. Accumulating evidence indicates that the disorder of gene expression regulated by these repetitive sequences is one of the causes of the diseases of visual system dysfunction, including retinal degenerations, glaucoma, retinitis punctata albescens, retinitis pigmentosa, geographic atrophy, and age-related macular degeneration, suggesting that SINEs and LINE-1s may have great potential implications in ophthalmology.

Anti-aging and anti-oxidant activities of murine short interspersed nuclear element antisense RNA.

Short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) play a key role in regulating gene expression, and SINE RNAs are involved in age-related diseases. We investigated the anti-aging effects of a genetically engineered murine SINE B1 antisense RNA (B1as RNA) and explored its mechanism of action in naturally senescent BALB/c (≥14 months) and moderately senscent C57BL/6N (≥9 months) mice. After tail vein injection, B1as RNA was available in the blood of mice for approximately 30 min, persisted for approximately 2-4 h in most detected tissues and persisted approximately 48 h in lungs.

Inhibition of the Nrf2/p38MAPK pathway involved in deltamethrin-induced apoptosis and fibrosis in quail kidney.

Deltamethrin (DLM) is a broad-spectrum and effective pyrethroid insecticide. However, DLM has good residual activity on most surfaces and many insects, so it poses a threat to the environment and health of animals and human. Exposure to DLM can cause kidney injury, but the mechanism is not well understood.

The aggravation of allergic airway inflammation with dibutyl phthalate involved in Nrf2-mediated activation of the mast cells.

Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)-an organic pollutant-is ubiquitous in the environment. DBP as an immune adjuvant is related to the development of multiple allergic diseases. However, the current research involving DBP-induced pulmonary toxicity remains poorly understood.

Harmful Effects of Inorganic Mercury Exposure on Kidney Cells: Mitochondrial Dynamics Disorder and Excessive Oxidative Stress.

Mercury is widely used in industry and has caused global environmental pollution. Inorganic mercury accumulates in the body causes damage to many organs, and the kidney is the most susceptible to the toxic effects of mercury. However, the underlying specific molecular mechanism of renal injury induced by inorganic mercury remains unclear at the cellular level.

Preparation of genetically engineered murine SINE RNA without endotoxin contamination.

RNAs have been elucidated to play the critical role in regulating gene expression and to be expected as effective drugs in the treatment of cancer and age-related diseases. RNAs are extracted by SDS-NaCl centrifugation after transformation of by expression vectors, which is a method to obtain genetically engineered RNAs. But the prepared RNAs by this method contain endotoxin, which limits their application and in cell experments.

Sulforaphane attenuates hexavalent chromium-induced cardiotoxicity the activation of the Sesn2/AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(vi)), the most toxic valence state of chromium, is widely present in industrial effluents and wastes. Sulforaphane (SFN), rich in Brassica genus plants, bears multiple biological activity. Wistar rats were used to explore the protective role of SFN against the cardiotoxicity of chronic potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) exposure and reveal the potential molecular mechanism.

Hexavalent chromium induced heart dysfunction via Sesn2-mediated impairment of mitochondrial function and energy supply.

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), the most toxic valence state of chromium, is widely present in industrial effluents and wastes. Although previous study has reported that Cr(VI) can cause cytomembrane structure impairment by aggravating lipid peroxidation in the heart, the detailed mechanism of Cr(VI)-induced heart dysfunction is still unclear. Sesn2, a novel antioxidant and stress-inducible molecule, is evidenced to protect against various cardiometabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis and cardiomyopathy.

Inflammation response after the cessation of chronic arsenic exposure and post-treatment of natural astaxanthin in liver: potential role of cytokine-mediated cell-cell interactions.

Ongoing groundwater arsenic contamination throughout China was first recognized in the 1960s. Groundwater arsenic contamination is a high risk for human and animal health worldwide. Apart from drinking water, diet is the second pathway for arsenic to enter the human body and eventually cause liver injury.

The preparation of endotoxin-free genetically engineered murine B1 antisense RNA.

One of the major limitations in the production of genetically engineered RNA from Escherichia coli (E. coli) is contamination by endotoxin. Here we report the first method that is capable of removing endotoxin from genetically engineered RNA.

Deltamethrin induces liver fibrosis in quails via activation of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.

Deltamethrin (DLM) is an important member of the pyrethroid pesticide family, and its widespread use has led to serious environmental and health problems. Exposure to DLM causes pathological changes in the liver of animals and humans and can lead to liver fibrosis. However, the mechanism of DLM-induced liver fibrosis remains unclear.

Imidacloprid-induced liver fibrosis in quails via activation of the TGF-β1/Smad pathway.

Imidacloprid (IMI) is one of the most frequently used neonicotinoid insecticide, and its potential toxicity and environmental hazards have gradually attracted people's attention. Liver fibrosis caused by long-term inflammation or oxidative stress can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure, even death. However, the mechanism of liver fibrosis induced by neonicotinoid insecticide remains unclear.

Dietary melatonin attenuates chromium-induced lung injury via activating the Sirt1/Pgc-1α/Nrf2 pathway.

Exposure to chromium (Cr) causes a number of respiratory diseases, including lung cancer and pulmonary fibrosis. However, there is currently no safe treatment for Cr-induced lung damage. Here, we used in vivo and in vitro approaches to examine the protective effects of melatonin (MEL) on Cr-induced lung injury and to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Exploring the kidney hazard of exposure to mercuric chloride in mice:Disorder of mitochondrial dynamics induces oxidative stress and results in apoptosis.

Mercury is one of the 10 toxic chemicals with major public health concerns. Continuous exposure to low levels of heavy metals including mercury is related to renal injury, especially in children. This study investigated the possible molecular mechanism of inorganic mercury-induced kidney injury.

Dietary grape seed procyanidin extract protects against lead-induced heart injury in rats involving endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibition and AKT activation.

To investigate the protective role of grape seed procyanidin extract (GSPE) against lead-induced heart injury and the possible molecular mechanism associated with this event, Wistar rats were orally given GSPE (200 mg/kg) daily with or without lead acetate (PbA) (0.5 g/L) in drinking water for 56 d. GSPE attenuated oxidative stress, heart dysfunction, and lead accumulation in lead-exposed rat hearts.

Luteolin-mediated PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway ameliorates inorganic mercury-induced cardiac injury.

Inorganic mercury is a toxic metal of worldwide concern, and causes serious cardiac injury. However, effective treatment for cardiac injury induced by mercuric chloride (HgCl) has not been fully identified. Luteolin (Lut) is a novel natural antioxidant.