Improving Bone Regeneration Using Chordin siRNA Delivered by pH-Responsive and Non-Toxic Polyspermine Imidazole-4,5-Imine.

Background/aims: Bone nonunion remains a challenge for orthopaedists. The technological advancements that have been made in precisely silencing target genes have provided promising methods to address this challenge.

Methods: We detected the expression levels of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) inhibitors Chordin, Gremlin and Noggin using realtime PCR in bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) isolated from patients with normal fracture healing and those with bone nonunion.

Biscarbamate Cross-Linked Low-Molecular-Weight Polyethylenimine for Delivering Anti-chordin siRNA into Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Improving Bone Regeneration.

Small-interfering RNA (siRNA) provides a rapid solution for drug design and provides new methods to develop customizable medicines. Polyethyleneimine 25 kDa (PEI25kDa) is an effective transfection agent used in siRNA delivery. However, the lack of degradable linkage causes undesirable toxicity, hindering its clinical application.