PD-1/PD-L1 governed cross-talk of exhausted CD8 T and memory B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Background: Indeterminate readout of the quantitative interferon-γ release test (QFT) for screening is a specific laboratory finding for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which may be due to T-cell exhaustion and abnormal programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) signalling.

Methods: We enrolled 104 patients with SLE and 225 with other rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) who presented to the outpatient clinic between 2020 and 2023. Twenty healthy donors served as the controls.

Spontaneous Intramuscular Hemorrhage in Anti-MDA5 Positive Dermatomyositis: A Case Series and Literature Review.

Objective: Spontaneous intramuscular hemorrhage (SIH) is a rare but life-threatening complication associated with dermatomyositis (DM). This study reported a case series of SIH associated with DM. In addition, the characteristics and prognostic effects for this complication were analyzed based on literature review.

Exploration of the Regulatory Mechanism of Secondary Metabolism by Comparative Transcriptomics in .

Mycotoxins cause a huge threaten to agriculture, food safety, and human and animal life. Among them, aflatoxins (AFs) have always been considered the most potent carcinogens, and filamentous fungi from genus are their major producers, especially . Although the biosynthesis path of these chemicals had been well-identified, the regulatory mechanisms controlling expression of AF gene cluster were poorly understood.

G Protein α Subunit GpaB is Required for Asexual Development, Aflatoxin Biosynthesis and Pathogenicity by Regulating cAMP Signaling in Aspergillus flavus.

The heterotrimeric G proteins are critical for signal transduction and function in numerous biological processes including vegetative growth, asexual development and fungal virulence in fungi. Here, we identified four G protein alpha subunits (GanA, GpaB, FadA and GaoC) in the notorious Aflatoxin-producing fungus . GanA, GpaB and FadA have homologues in other fungal species, while GaoC is a novel one.

The Putative Histone Methyltransferase DOT1 Regulates Aflatoxin and Pathogenicity Attributes in Aspergillus flavus.

Lysine methyltransferases transfer methyl groups in specific lysine sites, which regulates a variety of important biological processes in eukaryotes. In this study, we characterized a novel homolog of the yeast methyltransferase DOT1 in . , and observed the roles of in .