A new aglycone derivative from the saprophytic fungus .

A new aglycone derivative () and five known compounds () have been isolated from a saprophytic fungus for the first time. Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance, high resolution mass spectrometry data and electronic circular dichroism. The bioactivities of all compounds were evaluated by cell analysis.

A network of transcription factors in complex with a regulating cell cycle cyclin orchestrates fungal oxidative stress responses.

Background: Response to oxidative stress is universal in almost all organisms and the mitochondrial membrane protein, BbOhmm, negatively affects oxidative stress responses and virulence in the insect fungal pathogen, Beauveria bassiana. Nothing further, however, is known concerning how BbOhmm and this phenomenon is regulated.

Results: Three oxidative stress response regulating ZnCys transcription factors (BbOsrR1, 2, and 3) were identified and verified via chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR analysis as binding to the BbOhmm promoter region, with BbOsrR2 showing the strongest binding.

Novel drimane-type sesquiterpenoids and nucleosides from the Helicoma septoconstrictum suppress the growth of ovarian cancer cells.

Four new drimane-type sesquiterpenoids and two new nucleoside derivatives (1-6), were isolated from the fungus Helicoma septoconstrictum. Their structures were determined based on the combination of the analysis of their HR-ESI-MS, NMR, ECD calculations data and acid hydrolysis. All the isolated compounds were detected for their bio-activities against MDA-MB-231, A549/DDP, A2780 and HepG2 cell lines.

Application potential of biofertilizer-assisted Pennisetum giganteum in safe utilization of mercury-contaminated paddy fields.

High mercury (Hg) bioaccumulation in crops such as rice in Hg-contaminated areas presents a potential health hazard to humans and wildlife. To develop a safe alternative technique, bacillus-inoculated biofertilizer, citric acid, earthworms, and selenium-modified activated clay were compared for their ability to regulate Hg bioaccumulation in Pennisetum giganteum (P. giganteum).

AaLaeA targets AaFla1 to mediate the production of antitumor compound in Alternaria alstroemeria.

Endophytic fungi are an important source of novel antitumor substances. Previously, we isolated an endophytic fungus, Alternaria alstroemeria, from the medicinal plant Artemisia artemisia, whose crude extracts strongly inhibited A549 tumor cells. We obtained a transformant, namely AaLaeA , which completely loses its antitumor activity due to overexpression of the global regulator AaLaeA.

Nanoemulsion of the Essential Oil from Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. and Its Effect on Trauma Repair.

The essential oil, extracted from the Hmong medicine Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. (BBO), is a purely natural wound repair agent.

Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein, BbSre1, Controls Oxidative Stress Response, Peroxisome Division, and Lipid Homeostasis in an Insect Fungal Pathogen.

Sterol regulatory element-binding protein, Sre1, regulates sterol biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, hypoxia adaptation, and virulence in some fungi, even though its roles are varied in fungal species. However, few studies report its other functions in fungi. Here, we report novel roles of Sre1 homolog, BbSre1, in the insect fungal pathogen, , that regulates oxidative stress response, peroxisome division, and redox homeostasis.

Endophytic fungus produces antibacterial substances.

Widespread drug resistance and limited antibiotics challenge the treatment of pathogenic bacteria, which leads to a focus on searching for new antimicrobial lead compounds. We found the endophytic fungus MFLUCC14-0151 from the medicinal plant had antibacterial activity for the first time. This work aimed to reveal the capacity of MFLUCC14-0151 against foodborne pathogenic bacteria and identify its bioactive substances.

A Novel Effector Inhibits the Colonization of Endophytic and Increases the Resistance to in Tobacco.

Effectors are crucial for the interaction between endophytes and their host plants. However, limited attention has been paid to endophyte effectors, with only a few reports published. This work focuses on an effector of , namely (Fusarium-lateritium-Secreted-Protein), a typical unknown secreted protein.

New Spirostane from a Fungus Neohelicomyces hyalosporus and Its Bioactivity.

A new spirostane, namely neohelicomyine B (1), together with six known steroids (2-7) were isolated from the fermentation of fungus Neohelicomyces hyalosporus. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive analyses of spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS. The absolute configuration of 1 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

New Guaiane-Type Sesquiterpenoids Biscogniauxiaols A-G with Anti-Fungal and Anti-Inflammatory Activities from the Endophytic Fungus .

Seven undescribed guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids named biscogniauxiaols A-G (-) were isolated from the endophytic fungus on Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses, electronic circular dichroism (EC) and specific rotation (SR) calculations. Compound represented a new family of guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids featuring an unprecedented [5/6/6/7] tetracyclic system. A plausible biosynthetic pathway for compounds - was proposed.

A Saprophytic Fungus Produces Novel Rubracin D and E Reversing Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Cells.

Two new (, viz Rubracin D and E) and sixteen known Glyceroglycolipids (-) in the saprophytic fungus (PF02-2) from decaying wood in freshwater habitat were isolated and identified. Their chemical structures were elucidated via means of the extensive spectroscopic analyses of NMR, HR-ESI-MS and UV spectra, as well as comparison with literature data. The new compounds were assayed for the reversal activity of multidrug resistance (MDR) on MCF-7/ADM, K562/ADM and A549/ADM cell lines, and both compounds and reversed MDR in the three resistant cancer cell lines with concentration dependence.

A new alkaloid derivative from the saprophytic fungus PF11-1.

A new alkaloid, neohelicomyine A (), along with two known alkaloids (-), were isolated from the fermentation of PF11-1. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive analyses of spectroscopic methods including 1 D and 2 D NMR, HRESIMS and ECD. The bioactivities of all compounds were evaluated using cellular assays, and compounds and displayed moderate cytotoxicities against human cancer (A549, TCA, RD) cells with IC values of 26-87 μg/mL.

Global regulatory factor AaLaeA upregulates the production of antitumor substances in the endophytic fungus Alternaria alstroemeria.

The global regulatory factor LaeA has been shown to be involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in various fungi. In a previous work, we isolated an endophytic fungus from Artemisia annua, and its extract had a significant inhibitory effect on the A549 cancer cell line. Phylogenetic analysis further identified the strain as Alternaria alstroemeria.

Global regulatory factor VeA upregulates the production of antitumor substances in endophytic Fusarium solani.

A number of studies have demonstrated that endophytic fungi have the potential to produce antitumor active substances with novel structures and significant activities. In our previous studies, we isolated a Fusarium strain from the stem of the medicinal plant Nothapodytes pittosporoides (Oliv.).

Overexpression of the global regulator FnVeA upregulates antitumor substances in endophytic .

The special niche of endophytic fungi promotes their potential to produce antitumor compounds with novel structure and significant bioactivity for screening of new antitumor drugs. In our previous studies, we isolated a strain from the roots of the medicinal plant and identified it as . We found that the crude extract of had significant antitumor activity on A549 cancer cells, and overexpressing the global regulatory factor FnVeA (the gene of the fungus ) resulted in a significant increase in the antitumor activity, which was approximately fivefold higher than wild strain for relative inhibition rate.

Participation of a MADS-box transcription factor, Mb1, in regulation of the biocontrol potential in an insect fungal pathogen.

The cell wall is crucial for fungal growth, proliferation and interaction with the environment and host. Understanding the regulatory mechanism of cell wall integrity may help with improvement of fungal biocontrol agents. Here, a putative target of the cell wall integrity pathway-involved Slt2 MAP kinase, Mb1, an orthologue of MADS-box transcription factor Rlm1, was characterized in an economically important insect fungal pathogen, Beauveria bassiana.

The fungal mitochondrial membrane protein, BbOhmm, antagonistically controls hypoxia tolerance.

Adaptation to low-oxygen (LO) environment in host tissues is crucial for microbial pathogens, particularly fungi, to successfully infect target hosts. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for hypoxia tolerance in most pathogens are poorly understood. A mitochondrial protein, BbOhmm, is demonstrated to limit oxidative stress resistance and virulence in the insect fungal pathogen, Beauveria bassiana.

MADS-box transcription factor Mcm1 controls cell cycle, fungal development, cell integrity and virulence in the filamentous insect pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana.

MADS-box transcription factor Mcm1 plays crucial roles in regulating mating processes and pathogenesis in some fungi. However, its roles are varied in fungal species, and its function remains unclear in entomopathogenic fungi. Here, Mcm1 orthologue, Bbmcm1, was characterized in a filamentous entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana.

An aldo-keto reductase, Bbakr1, is involved in stress response and detoxification of heavy metal chromium but not required for virulence in the insect fungal pathogen, Beauveria bassiana.

The aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) belong to the NADP-dependent oxidoreductase superfamily, which play important roles in various physiological functions in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. However, many AKR superfamily members remain uncharacterized. Here, a downstream target gene of the HOG1 MAPK pathways coding for an aldo-keto reductase, named Bbakr1, was characterized in the insect fungal pathogen, Beauveria bassiana.

Comparative transcriptome and gene co-expression network analysis reveal genes and signaling pathways adaptively responsive to varied adverse stresses in the insect fungal pathogen, Beauveria bassiana.

Sensing, responding, and adapting to the surrounding environment are crucial for all living organisms to survive, proliferate, and differentiate in their biological niches. Beauveria bassiana is an economically important insect-pathogenic fungus which is widely used as a biocontrol agent to control a variety of insect pests. The fungal pathogen unavoidably encounters a variety of adverse environmental stresses and defense response from the host insects during application of the fungal agents.

The C-terminal MIR-containing region in the Pmt1 O-mannosyltransferase restrains sporulation and is dispensable for virulence in Beauveria bassiana.

Protein O-mannosyltransferases (Pmts) belong to a highly conserved protein family responsible for the initiation of O-glycosylation of many proteins. Pmts contain one dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferases (PMT) domain and three MIR motifs (mannosyltransferase, inositol triphosphate, and ryanodine receptor) that are essential for activity in yeast. We report that in the insect fungal pathogen, Beauveria bassiana, deletion of the C-terminal Pmt1 MIR-containing region (Pmt1∆ ) does not alter O-mannosyltransferase activity, but does increase total cell wall protein O-mannosylation levels and results in phenotypic changes in fungal development and cell wall stability.

Interplay between calcineurin and the Slt2 MAP-kinase in mediating cell wall integrity, conidiation and virulence in the insect fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana.

The entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana, is of environmental and economic importance as an insect pathogen, currently used for the biological control of a number of pests. Cell wall integrity and conidiation are critical parameters for the ability of the fungus to infect insects and for production of the infectious propagules. The contribution of calcineurin and the Slt2 MAP kinase to cell wall integrity and development in B.

A novel mitochondrial membrane protein, Ohmm, limits fungal oxidative stress resistance and virulence in the insect fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana.

The Hog1 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase regulates environmental stress responses and virulence in the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. To further characterize this pathway, we constructed a subtraction library enriched for genes regulated by Hog1. One targeted gene, encoding a novel membrane protein, Ohmm (oxidative homeostasis membrane-protein-mitochondria), was uniquely identified as being downregulated in the ΔHog1 background during growth under non-stress and osmotic stress conditions, but upregulated under oxidative stress.