Application of CD38 monoclonal antibody in kidney disease.

CD38 antigen is a glycoprotein that found on the surface of several immune cells, and this property makes its monoclonal antibodies have the effect of targeted elimination of immune cells. Therefore, the CD38 monoclonal antibody (such as daratumumab, Isatuximab) becomes a new treatment option for membranous nephropathy, lupus nephritis, renal transplantation, and other refractory kidney diseases. This review summarizes the application of CD38 monoclonal antibodies in different kidney diseases and highlights future prospects.

Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and immunogenicity profiles of Exendin-4-IgG4-Fc in healthy subjects: A phase 1, single-centre, randomized, double-blind, dose escalation study.

Aim: Novel long-acting drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus may optimize patient compliance and glycaemic control. Exendin-4-IgG4-Fc (E4F4) is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist. This first-in-human study investigated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and immunogenicity profiles of a single subcutaneous injection of E4F4 in healthy subjects.

A randomized controlled trial to evaluate efficacy and safety of early conversion to a low-dose calcineurin inhibitor combined with sirolimus in renal transplant patients.

Background: The calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-based immune maintenance regimen that is commonly used after renal transplantation has greatly improved early graft survival after transplantation; however, the long-term prognosis of grafts has not been significantly improved. The nephrotoxicity of CNI drugs is one of the main risk factors for the poor long-term prognosis of grafts. Sirolimus (SRL) has been employed as an immunosuppressant in clinical practice for over 20 years and has been found to have no nephrotoxic effects on grafts.

[Effects of Niaoduqing granule on urine metabolic profile in chronic renal failure rats].

Objective: To investigate the effects of Niaoduqing granule on the urine metabolic profile in chronic renal failure (CRF) rats.

Methods: Thirty six male SD rats were divided into the normal control group, the model group, and the Niaoduqing group with 12 rats in each group. The CRF was induced by gavage of 250 mg·kg·d adenine for 21 d.

Risk Factors and Outcomes of Early-Onset Peritonitis in Chinese Peritoneal Dialysis Patients.

Background/aims: Studies on the risk factors and outcomes of peritonitis within the first 6 months in peritoneal dialysis patients are sparse. This study aims to investigate the risk factors associated with early-onset peritonitis (EOP) and its influence on patients' technique survival and mortality.

Methods: This is a retrospective observational cohort study.

Association Between Comprehensive Nutritional Scoring System (CNSS) and Outcomes of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients.

Background/aims: The presence of protein-energy wasting (PEW) among dialysis patients is a crucial risk factor for outcomes. The complicated pathogenesis of PEW makes it difficult to assess and treat. This single-center retrospective study focuses on the association between nutritional markers and the outcomes of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD) patients, aiming to establish a practical comprehensive nutritional scoring system for CAPD patients.

Association of very Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol with All-cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Peritoneal Dialysis.

Background/aims: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in dialysis patients. Little is known about the relationship between very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and cardiovascular mortality in these patients.

Methods: A total of 1324 incident patients who began continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) therapy at our hospital between January 1, 2005, and September 30, 2014, with baseline serum VLDL-C values were investigated.

Research on Handwashing Techniques of Peritoneal Dialysis Patients From Yiwu, Southeast China.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate handwashing technique, bacteriology, and factors influencing handwashing technique of 86 stable chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients from Yiwu City in Southeast China. Based on the "Hygienic standard for disinfection in the hospital", we also performed sampling for bacteriology from PD operators after they washed their hands. We compared their clinical features including the pathogenic bacteria of their previous peritonitis episodes and their handwashing evaluation results according to their bacteriologic sampling results.

Risk factors and outcomes of high peritonitis rate in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients: A retrospective study.

Peritonitis remains a major complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). A high peritonitis rate (HPR) affects continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients' technique survival and mortality. Predictors and outcomes of HPR, rather than the first peritonitis episode, were rarely studied in the Chinese population.

Hookworm Anemia in a Peritoneal Dialysis Patient in China.

Hookworm infections as well as other intestinal nematodiases are endemic in China. In this case, a 70-year-old male showed symptoms of chest tightness, shortness of breath, and both lower extremities edema. The diagnostic result was chronic renal insufficiency, chronic kidney disease (5th stage), and renal anemia at first.

[Effects of interim hemodialysis on survival and clinical outcomes in patients with maintenance peritoneal dialysis].

Objective: To investigate the effects of interim hemodialysis (HD) on survival and clinical outcomes in patients with maintenance peritoneal dialysis (PD).

Methods: The clinical data of 908 patients undergoing maintenance PD from January 2010 to December 2014 registered in Zhejiang Dialysis Regisration System were retrospectively analyzed. Among all PD patients, 176 cases received interim HD for less than 3 months, and then transferred to PD (transfer group) and 732 cases had initial PD (non-transfer group).

Peritoneal dialysis for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a retrospective study.

To describe the long-term clinical outcomes of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) who are on peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapy. We performed a retrospective matched-cohort analysis comparing the clinical outcomes of 30 ADPKD patients with those of 30 non-diabetic patients who had bilateral small kidneys between July 1 2007 and July 31 2014. The patient groups were matched by age, gender, and time of PD initiation.

Rapamycin inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of peritoneal mesothelium cells through regulation of Rho GTPases.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) is a key process of peritoneal fibrosis. Rapamycin has been previously shown to inhibit EMT of PMCs and prevent peritoneal fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the undefined molecular mechanisms by which rapamycin inhibits EMT of PMCs.

Deletion of Smad3 improves cardiac allograft rejection in mice.

T cells play a critical role in acute allograft rejection. TGF-β/Smad3 signaling is a key pathway in regulating T cell development. We report here that Smad3 is a key transcriptional factor of TGF-β signaling that differentially regulates T cell immune responses in a mouse model of cardiac allograft rejection in which donor hearts from BALB/c mice were transplanted into Smad3 knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice.

mTOR inhibitor versus mycophenolic acid as the primary immunosuppression regime combined with calcineurin inhibitor for kidney transplant recipients: a meta-analysis.

Background: A number of studies have provided information regarding the risks and benefits of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTOR-I) combined with calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) versus mycophenolic acid (MPA).

Methods: Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched. Randomized controlled trials comparing mTOR-I to MPA as the primary immunosuppressive regimen in combination with CNI were selected and meta-analyzed.

Influence of peritoneal transport characteristics on nutritional status and clinical outcome in Chinese diabetic nephropathy patients on peritoneal dialysis.

Background: High peritoneal transport status was previously thought to be a poor prognostic factor in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. However, its effect on diabetic nephropathy PD patients is unclear in consideration of the adverse impact of diabetes itself. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of peritoneal transport characteristics on nutritional status and clinical outcome in diabetic nephropathy patients on PD.

The effect of donor-recipient body surface area ratio on donor age and donor glomerular filtration rate in Chinese patients undergoing a living-donor kidney transplant.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of donor-recipient body surface area ratio on donor age and donor glomerular filtration rate in living-donor kidney transplant.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 254 rejection-free patients who underwent their first living-donor kidney transplant at our center between April 2007 and April 2011. We performed multivariate linear regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses to determine independent associations and the cumulative effects on posttransplant graft function and outcomes in persons in China who had a living-donor kidney transplant.

The role of an integrated care model for kidney disease in the development of peritoneal dialysis: a single-center experience in China.

Peritoneal dialysis plays a crucial role in the integrated care of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In this paper, we retrospectively analyzed the quality indicators of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in 712 patients from our center who underwent PD between 2004 and 2011. In 43% of patients, follow-up was undertaken every 3 months at our outpatient department, and 54% patients were followed up by both our hospital and other local hospitals.

Proteins induced by telomere dysfunction are associated with human IgA nephropathy.

Aging is one of the contributing risk factors for kidney diseases. Accumulating evidence prompts the view that telomere length in kidney tissue cells is an indicator for organismal aging. Previously identified aging markers (cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP), stathmin, elongation factor-1α (EF-1α), and chitinase) were associated not only with telomere driven aging in mice but also with human aging and chronic diseases.

Remote ischemic conditioning enhanced the early recovery of renal function in recipients after kidney transplantation: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: To investigate whether remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) can attenuate ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) in recipients after kidney transplantation using donation after cardiac death.

Methods: Forty-eight recipients referred for kidney transplantation were recruited. The paired recipients who received the kidneys from the same donor were randomly assigned (one received RIC and the other did not).

Dual effects of statins therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus and SLE-related atherosclerosis: the potential role for regulatory T cells.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease associated with accelerated atherosclerosis independent of traditional risk factors. Statins, the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, have been widely prescribed for hyperlipidemia, which could slow the atherosclerosis progression, and reduce cardiovascular disease events. Nonetheless, accumulated evidences suggested that statins exert immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory functions independent of their lipid-lowering effects.

The regulatory/cytotoxic infiltrating T cells in early renal surveillance biopsies predicts acute rejection and survival.

Background: To analyze the immune phenotype of T-lymphocyte infiltrations in surveillance renal biopsies with stable renal function early post-transplantation (median time 40 days, range from 18 to 85 days).

Methods: One hundred and twenty-five surveillance biopsies with interstitial T-lymphocyte infiltration between non-atrophic tubules in the cortex (14 with subclinical rejection, 32 with borderline change and 79 with only interstitial T-lymphocyte infiltration but no obvious pathological abnormalities according to Banff criteria) were enrolled. All cases were classified into two groups: regulatory phenotype (RP) group, which was dominated by FOXP3-positive T lymphocytes in surveillance biopsies, and cytotoxic phenotype (CP) group, which was dominated by Granzyme B-positive T lymphocytes.

Extragastrointestinal stromal tumor in a kidney transplant recipient.

The occurrence of de novo malignant neoplasms has been shown in post-transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive treatment. We present a case of a rare extragastrointestinal stromal tumor (EGIST) located in the pelvic cavity of a kidney transplant patient. A 57-year-old female patient was admitted to our department because of non-specific lower abdominal pain 6 months after renal transplantation.