Protective effect of carbachol postconditioning on hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury in human gastric epithelial cells.

Aims: We investigated the protective effects of carbachol postconditioning (CAR-P) on acute gastric mucosal injury induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) and its possible mechanisms.

Main Methods: Cell viability was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT). The apoptotic cells were examined by Hoechst 33258 staining.

Protective effect of histamine microinjected into the cerebellar fastigial nucleus on stress-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats.

Aims: We investigated the effffects and the possible mechanism of microinjection of histamine into cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) on stress-induced gastric mucosal damage (SGMD) in rats. The effect of microinjection of histamine into FN on SGMD was observed.

Methods: The model of SGMD was established by restraint and water (21 ± 1°C)-immersion (RWI) for 3 h in rats.

Protective effect of histamine microinjected into cerebellar fastigial nucleus on stress gastric mucosal damage in rats.

In the study, we investigated the effect of histamine microinjected into cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) on stress gastric mucosal damage (SGMD), and its mechanisms in rats. The model of SGMD was established by restraining and water (21±1°C)-immersion for 3h. The gastric mucosal damage index (GMDI) indicated the severity of gastric mucosal damage.

Glutamate microinjection into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus attenuates ulcerative colitis in rats.

Aim: To investigate the effects of glutamate microinjection into hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) on ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats and to explore the relevant mechanisms.

Methods: 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (100 mg/kg in 50% ethanol) was instilled into the colon of adult male SD rats to induce UC. A colonic damage score (CDS) was used to indicate the severity of the colonic mucosal damage.

Muscimol microinjection into cerebellar fastigial nucleus exacerbates stress-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats.

Aim: To investigate the effects of microinjection of the GABA(A) receptor agonist muscimol into cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) on stress-induced gastric mucosal damage and the underlying mechanism in rats.

Methods: Stress-induced gastric mucosal damage was induced in adult male SD rats by restraining and immersing them in cold water for 3 h. GABA(A) receptor agonist or antagonist was microinjected into the lateral FN.

Protection of ghrelin postconditioning on hypoxia/reoxygenation in gastric epithelial cells.

Aim: To investigate the protective effect and mechanisms of ghrelin postconditioning against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced injury in human gastric epithelial cells.

Methods: The model of H/R injury was established in gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1) human gastric epithelial cells. Cells were divided into seven groups: normal control group (N); H/R postconditioning group; DMSO postconditioning group (DM); ghrelin postconditioning group (GH); D-Lys3-GHRP-6 + ghrelin postconditioning group (D + GH); capsazepine + ghrelin postconditioning group (C + GH); and LY294002 + ghrelin postconditioning group (L + GH).

Lateral hypothalamic area mediated the protective effects of microinjection of glutamate into interpositus nucleus on gastric ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

We investigated the protective effects of chemical stimulation of cerebellar interpositus nucleus (IN) on gastric ischemia-reperfusion injury (GI-RI) and its possible regulatory mechanisms in rats. Gastric mucosal damage index (GMDI) indicated the severity of gastric mucosal injuries. Transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were performed to assess gastric mucosal cell apoptosis and proliferation.

Lateral hypothalamic area mediated the aggravated effect of microinjection of Baclofen into cerebellar fastigial nucleus on stress gastric mucosal damage in rats.

Cerebellum, primarily believed as a subcortical somatic motor center, is increasingly considered to be implicated in visceral activities. However, little is known about its regulation on gastrointestinal organs. In this research, we investigated the aggravated effect of microinjection of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subtype B (GABA(B)R) agonist, Baclofen into cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) on stress gastric mucosal damage (SGMD) and its possible regulatory mechanism.