Self-protection against triptolide-induced toxicity in human hepatic cells via Nrf2-ARE-NQO1 pathway.

Objective: To find the signaling pathway of triptolide (TP)-induced liver injury and to reveal whether NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an important role in cellular self-protection.

Methods: The L-02 and HepG2 cells were cultured and treated with various concentrations of TP. The cell viability was observed, and the cell medium was collected for detecting the aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), alanine aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and L-glutathione production (GSH) levels.

Inhibition mechanism of Qingluo Tongbi Granule () on osteoclast differentiation induced by synovial fibroblast and monocytes co-culture in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats.

Objective: To study the mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of Qingluo Tongbi Granule (, QTG) on osteoclast differentiation in rheumatoid arthritis in rats.

Methods: Fibroblast and monocyte co-culture were used to induce osteoclast differentiation in adjuvant-induced arthritic (AIA) rats. Serum containing QTG was prepared and added to the osteoclasts, and activation of the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6/mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic1 (TRAF6/MAPK/NFATc1) pathways was examined.