RVG-modified exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells rescue memory deficits by regulating inflammatory responses in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Exosomes are lipid-bilayer enclosed nano-sized vesicles that transfer functional cellular proteins, mRNA and miRNAs. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived exosomes have been demonstrated to prevent memory deficits in the animal model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the intravenously injected exosomes could be abundantly tracked in other organs except for the targeted regions in the brain.

Effects of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural extracted from Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch on the expression of signaling molecules relevant to learning and memory among hippocampal neurons exposed to high concentration of corticosterone.

Objective: To determine the effects of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF), an extract of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, on several down-regulated signaling molecules involved in learning and memory in hippocampal neurons.

Methods: After cultured for 7 days, primary hippocampal neurons were divided into 5 groups: normal, corticosterone model, RU38486, 5-HMF, and donepezil group. Neuron survival rates were calculated 24 h later using SYTO13-PI double-fluorescence staining and an 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

[Rhizoma Panacis majori reduces toxicity of chemotherapy in S180-bearing mice].

Objective: To observe the attenuating effect of Rhizoma Panacis majoris (RPM) on toxicity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy in S180-bearing mice.

Methods: S180 cells were subcutaneously injected to the right armpit of the mice to establish the S180-bearing model, and thirty mice were randomly divided into untreated group, 5-FU group and 5-FU combined with RPM group (5-FU plus RPM group). The general condition of S180-bearing mice was observed.