Connexin 43 contributes to perioperative neurocognitive disorder by attenuating perineuronal net of hippocampus in aged mice.

Background: Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a prevalent form of cognitive impairment in elderly patients following anesthesia and surgery. The underlying mechanisms of PND are closely related to perineuronal nets (PNNs). PNNs, which are complexes of extracellular matrix primarily surrounding neurons in the hippocampus, play a critical role in neurocognitive function.

Defect identification of fan blade based on adaptive parameter region growth algorithm.

China's wind power generation is rich in resources and mature technology, but has the problems of harsh power generation environment, high operation and maintenance costs due to complex operating conditions, and serious consequences of failures. For this reason, this paper proposes a more efficient defect identification method for wind turbine blades that have the longest downtime due to faults. Firstly, starting from the characteristics that the blade defects are darker than the surrounding and distributed in block or point shape, the blade images taken by UAV cruise are processed by grey scaling, filtering, histogram equalization and Grab-cut foreground segmentation.

Targeting ion homeostasis in metabolic diseases: molecular mechanisms and targeted therapies.

The incidence of metabolic diseases-hypertension, diabetes, obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and atherosclerosis-is increasing annually, imposing a significant burden on both human health and the social economy. The occurrence and development of these diseases are closely related to the disruption of ion homeostasis, which is crucial for maintaining cellular functions and metabolic equilibrium. However, the specific mechanism of ion homeostasis in metabolic diseases is still unclear.

Fostamatinib alleviates temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis by maintaining cartilage homeostasis through MAPK/NF-κB and AKT/mTOR pathways.

Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) is a common degenerative disease characterized by cartilage degeneration. However, the therapeutic strategies aimed to maintain cartilage homeostasis remain unclear. Fostamatinib (Fos) is a potential clinical drug for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and predicted as target drug for many inflammatory diseases.

MIF/CD74 axis in hepatic stellate cells mediates HBV-related liver fibrosis.

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor for liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite advances in understanding HBV-related liver diseases, effective therapeutic strategies remain limited. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been implicated in various inflammatory and fibrotic conditions, but its role in HBV-induced liver fibrosis has not been fully explored.

A Novel Differentiation Nomogram Model for Brucellar Spondylitis and Tuberculous Spondylitis.

Background: Tuberculous spondylitis (TS) and brucellar spondylitis (BS) exhibit certain similarities in clinical presentation and imaging characteristics, making differential diagnosis challenging. Developing a reliable differential diagnosis model can assist clinicians in distinguishing between these two conditions at an early stage, allowing for targeted prevention and treatment strategies.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with TS and BS were retrospectively collected and randomized into training and validation cohorts (ratio 7:3).

Neighborhood Topology-Aware Knowledge Graph Learning and Microbial Preference Inferring for Drug-Microbe Association Prediction.

The human microbiota may influence the effectiveness of drug therapy by activating or inactivating the pharmacological properties of drugs. Computational methods have demonstrated their ability to screen reliable microbe-drug associations and uncover the mechanism by which drugs exert their functions. However, the previous prediction methods failed to completely exploit the neighborhood topologies of the microbe and drug entities and the diverse correlations between the microbe-drug entity pair and the other entities.

iRGD-TRP-PK1-modified red blood cell membrane vesicles as a new chemotherapeutic drug delivery and targeting system in head and neck cancer.

Chemotherapy is essential for treating tumors, including head and neck cancer (HNC). However, the toxic side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs limit their widespread use. Therefore, a targeted delivery system that can transport the drug to the pathological site while minimizing damage to healthy tissues is urgently needed.

Hepatitis B virus-induced cirrhosis: Mechanisms, global variations, and treatment advances.

We focus on hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced cirrhosis, global differences, and the evolution of antiviral treatment strategies. Chronic HBV (CHB) infection affects more than 250 million people globally, leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this article was to synthesize the current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical consequences of HBV-induced cirrhosis, and explore differences in disease progression between geographic regions.

Lessons from Nature: Advances and Perspectives in Bionic Microwave Absorption Materials.

Inspired by the remarkable electromagnetic response capabilities of the complex morphologies and subtle microstructures evolved by natural organisms, this paper delves into the research advancements and future application potential of bionic microwave-absorbing materials (BMAMs). It outlines the significance of achieving high-performance microwave-absorbing materials through ingenious microstructural design and judicious composition selection, while emphasizing the innovative strategies offered by bionic manufacturing. Furthermore, this work meticulously analyzes how inspiration can be drawn from the intricate structures of marine organisms, plants, animals, and non-metallic minerals in nature to devise and develop BMAMs with superior electromagnetic wave absorption properties.

Haplotyping-based preimplantation genetic testing for inherited cardiovascular disease: a multidisciplinary approach.

Given the high morbidity, mortality, and hereditary risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), their prevention and control have garnered widespread attention and remain central to clinical research. This study aims to assess the feasibility and necessity of haplotyping-based preimplantation genetic testing for the prevention of inherited CVD. A total of 15 preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic defect (PGT-M) cycles were performed in 12 CVD families from January 2016 to July 2022.

Macranthoidin B restrains the epithelial-mesenchymal transition through COX-2/PGE pathway in endometriosis.

Introduction: Macranthoidin B is one of the primary and unique triterpenoid saponin metabolites from Hand. -Mazz, which is used to treat endometriosis (EMS) in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the effect of macranthoidin B remains unknown in EMS.

Exploring the effect and mechanism of action of Jinlida granules (JLD) in the treatment of diabetes-associated cognitive impairment based on network pharmacology with experimental validation.

Objectives: To explore the effect and the probable mechanisms of JLD in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) - associated cognitive impairment (TDACI).

Methods: The effect of JLD in combating TDACI was assessed in T2DM model mice by conducting Morris water maze (MWM) behaviour testing. Active components and their putative targets, as well as TDACI-related targets, were collected from public databases.

DNMT3a Deficiency Contributes to Anesthesia/Surgery-Induced Synaptic Dysfunction and Cognitive Impairment in Aged Mice.

Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a severe postoperative complication in older patients. Epigenetic changes are hallmarks of senescence and are closely associated with cognitive impairment. However, the effects of anesthesia and surgery on the aging brain's epigenetic regulatory mechanisms and its impact on cognitive impairment remain unclear.

Boron Clusters Escort Doxorubicin Squashing Into Exosomes and Overcome Drug Resistance.

Exosome-based drug delivery holds significant promise for cancer chemotherapy. However, current methods for loading drugs into exosomes are inefficient and cost-prohibitive for practical application. In this study, boron clusters are mixed with doxorubicin (DOX) and exosomes, enabling the efficient encapsulation of DOX into exosomes through a superchaotropic effect.

A tunable and reversible thermo-inducible bio-switch for streptomycetes.

Programmable control of bacterial gene expression holds great significance for both applied and academic research. This is particularly true for Streptomyces, a genus of Gram-positive bacteria and major producers of prodigious natural products. Despite that a few inducible regulatory systems have been developed for use in Streptomyces, there is an increasing pursuit to augment the toolkit of high-performance induction systems.

Benzydamine attenuates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and ischemic brain injury by targeting cathepsin s.

Microglia, the primary immune cells of the central nervous system, play a crucial role in the neuroinflammatory processes following ischemic stroke. Targeting neuroinflammation is a promising strategy to enhance the outcomes of ischemic stroke. Benzydamine (BA), a well-known non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has demonstrated potential in inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines across various disease models.

Enhanced Pb immobilization by CaO/MgO-modified soybean residue (okara) in phosphate mining wasteland soil: Mechanism and microbial community structure.

Lead (Pb) contamination is an inevitable consequence of phosphate mining, necessitating the development of effective remediation strategies. This study investigated the use of CaO/MgO-modified okara (CMS) as an eco-friendly approach to remediate Pb-contaminated soils from phosphate mining wastelands. In the present study, following 30 d of CMS application, the exchangeable Pb content was significantly decreased to 10.

Composite dietary antioxidant index mediates the effect of epilepsy on psychiatric disorders: results from NHANES 2013-2018.

Background: Psychiatric disorders is a major public health problem and epilepsy contributes significantly to depression. We aimed to explore the relationship between dietary patterns and mental illness in patients with epilepsy.

Methods: The data presented here are based on the 2013-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

A novel role for protein disulfide isomerase ERp18 in venous thrombosis.

Background: Previous studies using genetically modified mouse models and inhibitors have shown that protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family plays a significant role in arterial thrombosis. However, their role in venous thrombosis remains unknown. In this study, using gene-modified mouse models, we determined whether PDI family members contribute to venous thrombosis.

Acteoside relieves diabetic retinopathy through the inhibition of Müller cell reactive hyperplasia by regulating TXNIP and mediating Kir4.1 channels in a PI3K/Akt-dependent manner.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe microangiopathy of diabetes. Müller cells play an important role in the development of DR. Acteoside (ACT) has been reported to be effective in the treatment of DR.

Microbiomic insights into the oral microbiome's role in type 2 diabetes mellitus: standardizing approaches for future advancements.

The burgeoning field of microbiomics has unveiled significant insights into the role of the oral microbiome in the pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), with this review focusing on recent advancements in diabetic oral microbiology, its clinical applications, and identifying factors that may affect study interpretations. A comprehensive review across various databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar, was conducted to collate original research data published in the past five years, specifically targeting studies exploring the impact of the oral microbiome on T2DM and emphasizing research that employs microbiomic approaches in clinical patient populations. The findings delineate the intricate interplay between T2DM and oral microbiome dysbiosis, highlighting significant microbial shifts following periodontal and antidiabetic treatments, and pointing to the complexity of the relationship between oral health and systemic disease.

A preliminary exploration of the synergistic preservation effect of electrostatic field and superchilling on muscle foods: Mechanisms, influencing factors, applications, and challenges.

Muscle foods that are highly perishable require effective preservation technologies to maintain their quality and extend their shelf life. Electrostatic field (EF) treatment, superchilling (SC), and their combined technologies have received attention for their effectiveness in improving muscle food quality. However, the lack of a comprehensive understanding of their mechanism and combined effects on muscle foods has limited their application.

Vertebral osteomyelitis: a comparative, single-center study in northwestern China.

Background: Vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) is an infection of the spine with increasing prevalence due to improved diagnostics and aging populations. Multiple pathogens, including , spp., and pyogenic bacteria, can cause VO, making differential diagnosis complex, especially in regions with endemic brucellosis and tuberculosis.

The role of early temperament on oral language development of New Zealand children speaking Mandarin or Cantonese.

This study investigated the role of temperament in oral language development in over 200 Mandarin and Cantonese speakers in the pre-birth longitudinal cohort study. Mothers assessed infant temperament at nine months using a five-factor Infant Behaviour Questionnaire-Revised Very Short Form. They also reported on children's vocabulary and word combinations at age two using adapted MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory short forms.