SARM1 deletion inhibits astrogliosis and BBB damage through Jagged-1/Notch-1/NF-κB signaling to improve neurological function after ischemic stroke.

Reactive astrogliosis is a critical process in the development of ischemic stroke. However, the precise mechanism by which reactive astrogliosis changes the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke remains elusive. Sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing 1 protein (SARM1) plays a key role in axonal degeneration and is involved in different cell death programs that regulate neuronal survival.

Thiolutin, a novel NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, mitigates IgA nephropathy in mice.

NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) pathogenesis. Thiolutin (THL) is an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor with anti-inflammatory effects, but its role in IgAN is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the protective efficacy of THL in IgAN mice, alongside assessing its inhibitory mechanisms.

Lactated Ringer's solution versus saline fluid resuscitation for reducing PROGRESSION TO moderate-to-severe acute pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Fluid resuscitation represents a pivotal early therapeutic intervention in the management of acute pancreatitis (AP), yet a consensus on the optimal fluid type remains elusive. The present study endeavors to elucidate the differential effects of lactated Ringer's solution (LR) and normal saline (NS) in the initial treatment of AP.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted through the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases, spanning from inception until July 2024.

Human BioMolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP): 3D Human Reference Atlas construction and usage.

The Human BioMolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP) aims to construct a 3D Human Reference Atlas (HRA) of the healthy adult body. Experts from 20+ consortia collaborate to develop a Common Coordinate Framework (CCF), knowledge graphs and tools that describe the multiscale structure of the human body (from organs and tissues down to cells, genes and biomarkers) and to use the HRA to characterize changes that occur with aging, disease and other perturbations. HRA v.

Dependence on Mdm2 for Mdm4 inhibition of p53 activity.

Both Mdm2 and Mdm4 inhibit p53 activity by masking of its transcriptional activation domain. In addition, Mdm2 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, targeting p53 for degradation. The Mdm4 amino terminus binds wild type and mutant p53 while its RING domain, which lacks E3 ligase activity, is required for heterodimerization with Mdm2.

Stability of 6mm-Implants Placed Crestal and Supracrestal by Surgeons of Varying Experience In-Vitro.

Purpose: Short dental implants are usually placed to avoid vertical augmentations. However, surgical experience appears to be fundamental, especially in compromised bone qualities. This study aimed to evaluate the importance of clinical expertise on implant stability (IS) of 6mm implants placed in vitro.

Biological evaluation of a new highly sensitive and selective fluorescent probe for hypochlorous acid and its imaging application in cell and zebrafish.

Hypochlorous acid is one of the most widely distributed reactive oxygen species in vivo. It is usually used as a signal molecule to participate in various life activities such as immunity and metabolism, and plays a notable role in maintaining homeostasis. When hypochlorous acid level is abnormal in the body, it will lead to a variety of diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis and cancer.

Facile preparation of fluorescent carbon dots from water caltrop shells and their application in amikacin sensing.

Amikacin (AMK) effectively treats infections from Gram-negative bacilli and penicillin-resistant . However, prolonged administration of AMK may result in adverse effects such as nausea, headache, ototoxicity, and hearing loss, necessitating a reliable detection method. Carbon dots (CDs), known for their excellent optical properties, are a promising fluorescent probe.

Hierarchical and distinct biological motion processing in macaque visual cortical areas MT and MST.

It is widely accepted that biological motion (BM) perception involves the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS). Yet, how individual neurons and neural circuits in pSTS encode BM remains unclear. Here we combined electrophysiological recordings with neural network modeling to elucidate BM computations in two subregions of pSTS.

Elevated serum CD40 as a potential biomarker for the differential diagnosis of acute thyrotoxic myopathy.

Acute thyrotoxic myopathy (ATM) is a rare yet severe complication of thyrotoxicosis that affects the central nervous system and is associated with a high mortality rate if not diagnosed and treated promptly. Currently, the diagnosis of ATM primarily relies on clinical manifestations, and there is a lack of specific serological markers to support the diagnostic process. This study aimed to investigate the differences in serum CD40 levels between patients with acute thyrotoxic myopathy (ATM), those with Graves' disease, and healthy controls, and to evaluate its potential as a diagnostic biomarker for differentiating ATM.

The virome investigation of the globally endangered Eld's deer (Rucervus eldii) on Hainan Island, China.

Eld's deer (Rucervus eldii) is a rare and globally endangered tropical Southeast Asian deer species. There is no research on pathogens in Eld's deer in Hainan, China. This study aimed to understand the virus diversity and novel viruses in Eld's deer, and provided important epidemiological baseline information for conservation of this endangered species.

Dichlorvos poisoning caused chicken cerebellar autophagy and changes of Caecal microflora.

In order to explore the effects of acute dichlorvos exposure on cerebellar autophagy and cecal microbes in broilers and to analyze the relationship between autophagy-related genes and cecal microbes. Broilers were randomly divided into three groups (with 16 broilers in each group)and respectively given distilled water and dichlorvos (2.48 mg / kg, 11.

Facile minocycline deployment in gingiva using a dissolvable microneedle patch for the adjunctive treatment of periodontal disease.

Minocycline is a commonly used drug for adjunctive therapy in periodontal disease. However, the current mainstream local medications primarily rely on intra-pocket administration, which, while avoiding the side effects of traditional systemic drugs, presents challenges such as inconvenience, discomfort, and the need for professional assistance, thus affecting patient compliance. Herein, we introduce a minocycline-loaded dissolvable microneedle (Mino-DMN) patch that allows for local and efficient delivery of minocycline to gingiva for the treatment of periodontitis.

β-Amyloid Induces Microglial Expression of GPC4 and APOE Leading to Increased Neuronal Tau Pathology and Toxicity.

To elucidate the impact of Aβ pathology on microglia in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, we profiled the microglia surfaceome following treatment with Aβ fibrils. Our findings reveal that Aβ-associated human microglia upregulate Glypican 4 (GPC4), a GPI-anchored heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG). In a amyloidosis model, glial GPC4 expression exacerbates motor deficits and reduces lifespan, indicating that glial GPC4 contributes to a toxic cellular program during neurodegeneration.

Phenylthiourea synergistically enhances the hepatotoxicity of bavachalcone by interfering with metabolism in zebrafish: A factor to consider when evaluating toxicity of environmental pollutants using zebrafish models.

Phenylthiourea (PTU) is a well-known inhibitor of melanin synthesis that has been extensively utilized in ecotoxicological studies involving zebrafish. Although there are reports suggesting that PTU may influence the toxicity of various compounds, the underlying mechanisms of its action remain unclear. Bavachalcone (BavaC) has a wide range of applications in agriculture and medicine, and it can enter groundwater through a variety of pathways that may pose a risk to aquatic ecosystems.

Species-specific circular RNA circDS-1 enhances adaptive evolution in Talaromyces marneffei through regulation of dimorphic transition.

Thermal adaptability is a crucial characteristic for mammalian pathogenic fungi that originally inhabit natural ecosystems. Thermally dimorphic fungi have evolved a unique ability to respond to host body temperature by shifting from mycelia to yeast. The high similarity of protein-coding genes between these fungi and their relatives suggests the indispensable but often overlooked roles of non-coding elements in fungal thermal adaptation.

Structural, strength and fracture mechanisms of superconducting transition metal nitrides TMN (TM = W and Mo).

Transition metal (TM) nitrides are recognized for their outstanding and highly desirable properties, categorizing them as a class of multifunctional materials with diverse industrial applications. In particular, the newly synthesized WN is notable for its exceptional ultra-incompressibility (406 GPa for bulk modulus), remarkable hardness (34 GPa), and superconductivity (9.4 K), positioning it as a potential ultra-hard superconductor.

E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF128 promotes Lys63-linked polyubiquitination on SRB1 in macrophages and aggravates atherosclerosis.

Macrophage-derived foam cell formation is the hallmark of atherosclerotic plaques prominently attributed to excessive lipid uptake and metabolic disorders. As a classic membrane-localized ubiquitin ligase, the role of RNF128 in atherosclerosis remains unknown. We discover that RNF128 is specifically expressed in macrophages of the lipid core based on single-cell RNA sequencing data and persistent hyperlipidemia induces the high expression of RNF128 in macrophages.

Transductive Few-shot Learning With Enhanced Spectral-Spatial Embedding for Hyperspectral Image Classification.

Few-shot learning (FSL) has been rapidly developed in the hyperspectral image (HSI) classification, potentially eliminating time-consuming and costly labeled data acquisition requirements. Effective feature embedding is empirically significant in FSL methods, which is still challenging for the HSI with rich spectral-spatial information. In addition, compared with inductive FSL, transductive models typically perform better as they explicitly leverage the statistics in the query set.

Xiexin Tang restores gut barrier function by regulating the differentiation of CD4 T cells via GPRs and HDACs in T2DM rats.

This study aimed to explore the potential mechanism of Xiexin Tang in improving type 2 diabetes mellitus from the perspective of intestinal barrier function. The results indicated that Xiexin Tang could notably promote the expression of GPRs while suppressing the expression of HDACs in colon epithelial cells, then significantly elevate the levels of TGF-β1 and IL-18 to regulate the differentiation of T cells and further maintain the intestinal immune homeostasis. Meanwhile, it could markedly inhibit the inflammatory signaling pathway to improve intestinal barrier function, relieving type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aerolysin Nanopores for Single-Molecule Analysis.

Biological nanopores have become powerful tools for single-molecule analysis in many fields, including metal ion detection, single-molecule chemistry, polymer size discrimination, nucleic acid sequencing, and protein/peptide/glycan analysis. Among all biological nanopores, aerolysin is considered one of the most promising nanopores for analytical applications. It is a heptameric β-barrel pore-forming toxin (β-PFT) secreted by Aeromonas, featuring a narrow, elongated β-barrel lumen composed of highly charged amino acids.

Metabolomics combined with network pharmacology reveals the effects of ripening stages and edible parts on bioactive ingredients of Luohan Guo (Siraitia grosvenorii).

Luohan Guo (Siraitia grosvenorii) is a traditional food homologous fruit in China, which is famous owing to its rich natural antioxidant secondary metabolites. However, the impacts of ripening stages and edible parts on high-resolution metabolic profiles of Luohan Guo are poorly understood till now, greatly limiting its comprehensive utilization. In this study, an LC-QTOF/MS-based non-targeted metabolomics approach was carried out to reveal the dynamic accumulation of metabolites in the peel and pulp of Luohan Guo across seven growth stages, and further revelation their potential pharmacological activities and mechanisms in the treatment of oxidative stress using the network pharmacology strategy.

Smart Persistent Luminescence Imaging for Early Diagnosis of Drug-Induced Liver Injury.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has the potential to cause severe hepatitis and increases the risk of death which remains unresolved in current medical practice. During DILI, the HO level is upregulated in the liver. Conventional blood tests fail to offer early and real-time visualization of DILI in vivo.

Boundary information-guided adversarial diffusion model for efficient unsupervised synthetic CT generation.

Background: The absence of tissue electron density information derived from greyscale Hounsfield units (HUs) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) limits its further clinical application in radiotherapy (RT). The use of synthetic computed tomography (sCT) with MRI simplifies RT treatment and improves positioning accuracy by eliminating the need for computed tomography (CT) simulation with radiation dose and error-prone image registration. Although CycleGAN and its variants can obtain verisimilar sCT through unsupervised learning, ensuring perfect structural consistency of the synthesized images in this approach remains challenging, and thus limiting the quality and diversity of the images synthesized for a given application.