Infiltrating peripheral monocyte TREM-1 mediates dopaminergic neuron injury in substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease model mice.

Neuroinflammation is a key factor in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Activated microglia in the central nervous system (CNS) and infiltration of peripheral immune cells contribute to dopaminergic neuron loss. However, the role of peripheral immune responses, particularly triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1), in PD remains unclear.

The microglial innate immune receptor TREM2 participates in fear memory formation through excessive prelimbic cortical synaptic pruning.

Introduction: Fear memory formation has been implicated in fear- and stress-related psychiatric disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and phobias. Synapse deficiency and microglial activation are common among patients with PTSD, and induced in animal models of fear conditioning. Increasing studies now focus on explaining the specific mechanisms between microglia and synapse deficiency.

[The best evidence for the management of ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome in patients undergoing assisted reproductive therapy].

Objectives: To summarize the best evidence for the management of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in patients undergoing assisted reproductive therapy.

Methods: Evidence related to the management of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in patients undergoing assisted reproductive therapy, including guidelines, clinical decision, best clinical practice, systematic evaluation, expert consensus and evidence summary and related original research were systematically searched in UpToDate, BMJ Best Practice, World Health Organization (WHO) website, Guidelines International Network (GIN), National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) website, National Guidelines website, American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) website, New York Academy of Sciences (NYAS) website, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) database, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PubMed, Wanfang database, CNKI, and China Biomedical Literature Database from inception to May 31, 2024. Two researchers independently evaluated the quality of the literature, and a senior researcher made the final decision for literature inclusion.

Divergent input patterns to the central lateral amygdala play a duet in fear memory formation.

Somatostatin (SOM)-expressing neurons in the central lateral amygdala (CeL) are responsible for fear memory learning, but the circuit and molecular mechanisms underlying this biology remain elusive. Here, we found that glutamatergic neurons in the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) directly dominated the activity of CeL neurons, and that selectively inhibiting the LPB→CeL pathway suppressed fear memory acquisition. By contrast, inhibiting CeL-projecting glutamatergic neurons in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) interfered with consolidation-related processes.

Microbial signatures predictive of short-term prognosis in severe pneumonia.

Objective: This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the composition and diversity of lung microbiota in patients with severe pneumonia and explore its association with short-term prognosis.

Methods: A total of 301 patients diagnosed with severe pneumonia underwent bronchoalveolar lavage fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) testing from February 2022 to January 2024. After applying exclusion criteria, 236 patients were included in the study.

PegIFN alpha-2a reduces relapse in HBeAg-negative patients after nucleo(s)tide analogue cessation: A randomized-controlled trial.

Background & Aims: Nucleo(s)tide analogue (NUC) cessation can lead to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance but also a high rate of virological relapse. However, the effect of pegylated interferon alpha-2a (PegIFN-α-2a) on virological relapse after NUC cessation is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of switching from NUC to PegIFN-α-2a treatment for 48 weeks on virological relapse up to week 96.

Grain orientation and shape evolution of ferroelectric ceramic thick films simulated by phase-field method.

The orientation and shape of ceramics grains was always neglected, resulting in a lot of information during sintering has not been excavated. In this study, a modified phase-field model in order to express the anisotropy of grain boundary energy is developed. The effects of the anisotropy of grain boundary energy on the grain orientation and shape evolution are investigated in detail.

Influence of health education based on the transtheoretical model on kinesiophobia levels and rehabilitation outcomes in elderly patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.

Objective: In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of health education based on the transtheoretical model in reducing symptoms of kinesiophobia and enhancing rehabilitation outcomes among elderly patients post-total knee arthroplasty.

Methods: Elderly patients post-knee replacement surgery were randomly divided into a control group, which received standard health education, and an experimental group, which received transtheoretical model-based health education. The intervention commenced on the day after surgery and continued for a duration of six months.

Genomic and Phenotypic Safety Assessment of Probiotic Bacillus coagulans Strain JBI-YZ6.3.

Spore-forming Bacillus coagulans has been widely recognized as an important probiotic, which is commonly used in products for human consumption and animal feeds. B. coagulans exhibits beneficial traits from both Bacillus and lactic acid-producing Lactobacillus.

Behavioral and Transcriptomic Analyses in the Indoxacarb Response of a Non-Target Damselfly Species.

, which widely spreads in paddy fields, has the potential to be used as a natural predator of insect pests. However, the application of insecticides in the field could pose a threat to the survival of . Among these pesticides, indoxacarb, an oxadiazine insecticide, is renowned for its broad-spectrum efficacy against numerous insect pests.

Sevoflurane acts as an antidepressant by suppression of GluN2D-containing NMDA receptors on interneurons.

Background And Purpose: Sevoflurane, a commonly used inhaled anaesthetic known for its favourable safety profile and rapid onset and offset, has not been thoroughly investigated as a potential treatment for depression. In this study, we reveal the mechanism through which sevoflurane delivers enduring antidepressant effects.

Experimental Approach: To assess the antidepressant effects of sevoflurane, behavioural tests were conducted, along with in vitro and ex vivo whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, to examine the effects on GluN1-GluN2 incorporated N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (NMDARs) and neuronal circuitry in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC).

Neuropilin-1 monocytes protect against neonatal inflammation.

Neonates are susceptible to inflammatory disorders such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) due to their immature immune system. The timely appearance of regulatory immune cells in early life contributes to the control of inflammation in neonates, yet the underlying mechanisms of which remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified a subset of neonatal monocytes characterized by high levels of neuropilin-1 (Nrp1), termed Nrp1 monocytes.

Evaluation of China's long-term care insurance policies.

Introduction: In response to the increasing demand for long-term care services for older people, the Chinese government has launched a pilot program for long-term care insurance (LTCI) since 2016. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of this program in China and provide recommendations for the future development and expansion of the LTCI system.

Methods: We developed a comprehensive evaluation framework to assess these LTCI policies implemented in all 49 pilot cities in China.

A study on the effect of using the video teach-back method in continuous nursing care of stroke patients.

Objective: To explore the effect of a video teach-back method on continuous family nursing care of stroke patients.

Methods: Stroke patients hospitalized in our hospital between March 2020 and March 2023 who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into an intervention group ( = 45), who received routine health education plus video teach-back training of caregivers, and a control group ( = 45), who received routine health education only. The effects on nursing-related variables were compared between the two groups.

Phosphorus Modulated Peroxidase-Like Activity of Carbon Dots for Colorimetric Detection of Acid Phosphatase.

The precise regulation of nanoenzyme activity is of great significance for application to biosensing analysis. Herein, the peroxidase-like activity of carbon dots was effectively modulated by doping phosphorus, which was successfully employed for sensitive, selective detection of acid phosphatase (ACP). Phosphorus-doped carbon dots (P-CDs) with excellent peroxidase-like activity were synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal method, and the catalytic activity could be easily modulated by controlling the additional amount of precursor phytic acid.

Efficacy and safety of letermovir prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus infection after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Letermovir is a specific inhibitor of cytomegalovirus (CMV) terminase complex. Several studies have reported that letermovir can effectively prevent CMV activation after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We aimed to identify the efficacy and safety of letermovir prophylaxis for CMV infection after allo-HSCT with a systemic review and meta-analysis.

[Transthoracic Echocardiography Revealed Inferior Vena Cava and Right Atrial Occupation:Report of One Case].

One case with ascites and lower limb edema as the initial manifestations was reported.The echocardiography revealed inferior vena cava and right atrial occupation,which combined with increased alpha fetoprotein and imaging examination,suggested liver malignant tumor combined with tumor thrombus of inferior vena cava and right atrium.After targeted therapy combined with immunotherapy,the tumor shrank and alpha fetoprotein decreased significantly,suggesting that the treatment was effective.

AMPK role in epilepsy: a promising therapeutic target?

Epilepsy is a complex and multifaceted neurological disorder characterized by spontaneous and recurring seizures. It poses significant therapeutic challenges due to its diverse etiology and often-refractory nature. This comprehensive review highlights the pivotal role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key metabolic regulator involved in cellular energy homeostasis, which may be a promising therapeutic target for epilepsy.

TREM-1 mediates interaction between substantia nigra microglia and peripheral neutrophils.

Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is considered a pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1 (TREM-1) can amplify the inherent immune response, and crucially, regulate inflammation. In this study, we found marked elevation of serum soluble TREM-1 in patients with Parkinson’s disease that positively correlated with Parkinson’s disease severity and dyskinesia.

In-hospital adverse outcomes and risk factors among chronic kidney disease patients infected with the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2: a single-center retrospective study.

Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has decreased virulence and pathogenicity, yet the number of Omicron infections worldwide is unprecedentedly high, with rather high mortality and severe disease rate. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are particularly vulnerable to the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and have unique clinical outcomes.

Methods: We retrospectively collected data from 2140 hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection from March 29, 2022, to May 17, 2022.

The PrL→avBNST circuit rapidly modulates depression-like behaviors in male mice.

Depression is a global disease with a high prevalence. Here, we examine the role of the circuit from prelimbic mPFC (PrL) to the anterior ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (avBNST) in depression-like mice through behavioral tests, immunofluorescence, chemogenetics, optogenetics, pharmacology, and fiber photometry. Mice exposed to chronic restraint stress with individual housing displayed depression-like behaviors.

Anxiolytic effect of antidiabetic metformin is mediated by AMPK activation in mPFC inhibitory neurons.

Diabetic patients receiving the antidiabetic drug metformin have been observed to exhibit a lower prevalence of anxiety disorders, yet the precise mechanism behind this phenomenon is unclear. In our study, we found that anxiety induces a region-specific reduction in AMPK activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Concurrently, transgenic mice with brain-specific AMPK knockout displayed abnormal anxiety-like behaviors.

Astrocyte metabolism and signaling pathways in the CNS.

Astrocytes comprise half of the cells in the central nervous system and play a critical role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Metabolic dysfunction in astrocytes has been indicated as the primary cause of neurological diseases, such as depression, Alzheimer's disease, and epilepsy. Although the metabolic functionalities of astrocytes are well known, their relationship to neurological disorders is poorly understood.