Progress in Understanding and Enhancing Rice Tolerance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses.

Rice growth and development occur in several distinct stages: a seedling stage, a vegetative stage, a reproductive stage, and maturity [...

Pretreated polystyrene is degraded by a microbial consortium enriched from wetland plastic waste.

The biodegradation of polystyrene (PS), a type of plastic with aromatic rings in its polymer chain, is a critical environmental goal worldwide. Microbial degradation of PS has been reported, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we constructed a microcosm wetland containing PS plastic.

Insights into the controlling factors of the transport of tire wear particles in saturated porous media: The facilitative role of aging and fulvic acid.

The widespread distribution and potential adverse effects of tire wear particles (TWPs) on soil and groundwater quality pose a growing environmental concern. This study investigated the transport behavior of TWPs in saturated porous media and elucidated the underlying mechanisms influenced by environmental factors. Additionally, the effects of key environmental factors, such as aging, ionic strength, cation species, medium type, and natural organic matter (NOM), on the transport of TWPs were evaluated.

Screening for compounds with bioaccumulation potential in breast milk using their retention behavior in two-dimensional gas chromatography.

Discovery of emerging pollutants in breast milk will be helpful for understanding the hazards to human health. However, it is difficult to identify key compounds among thousands present in complex samples. In this study, a method for screening compounds with bioaccumulation potential was developed.

DWARF AND LESS TILLERS ON CHROMOSOME 3 promotes tillering in rice by sustaining FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER 1 expression.

Three key factors determine yield in rice (Oryza sativa): panicle number, grain number, and grain weight. Panicle number is strongly associated with tiller number. Although many genes regulating tillering have been identified, whether Dof proteins are involved in controlling plant architecture remains unknown.

Thyroid ultrasonic changes relate to implantation failure in euthyroid women with thyroid autoimmunity undergoing fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

Objective: To determine whether ultrasonic manifestations of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) related to embryo qualities or pregnancy outcomes in women with thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) undergoing fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

Methods: Our study was a retrospective cohort study. A total of 589 euthyroid women enrolled from January 2017 to December 2019.

OsCOL5 suppresses heading through modulation of Ghd7 and Ehd2, enhancing rice yield.

OsCOL5, an ortholog of Arabidopsis COL5, is involved in photoperiodic flowering and enhances rice yield through modulation of Ghd7 and Ehd2 and interactions with OsELF3-1 and OsELF3-2. Heading date, also known as flowering time, plays a crucial role in determining the adaptability and yield potential of rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Transcriptomic analysis reveals the regulatory mechanisms of messenger RNA (mRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in response to waterlogging stress in rye (Secale cereale L.).

Background: Waterlogging stress (WS) negatively impacts crop growth and productivity, making it important to understand crop resistance processes and discover useful WS resistance genes. In this study, rye cultivars and wild rye species were subjected to 12-day WS treatment, and the cultivar Secale cereale L. Imperil showed higher tolerance.

PPARγ Antagonists Exhibit Antitumor Effects by Regulating Ferroptosis and Disulfidptosis.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) stands as a prevalent subtype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, leading to disease recurrence and low survival rates. PPARγ, a ligand-dependent nuclear transcription factor, holds significance in tumor development. However, the role of PPARγ in the development of OSCC has not been fully elucidated.

Searching for Two-Neutrino and Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay of ^{134}Xe with the PandaX-4T Experiment.

^{134}Xe is a candidate isotope for neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) search. In addition, the two-neutrino case (2νββ) allowed by the standard model of particle physics has not yet been observed. With the 656-kg natural xenon in the fiducial volume of the PandaX-4T detector, which contains 10.

Energy Absorption Characteristics of Composite Material with Fiber-Foam Metal Sandwich Structure Subjected to Gas Explosion.

Based on the previous research on the energy absorption of foam metal materials with different structures, a composite blast-resistant energy-absorbing material with a flexible core layer was designed. The material is composed of three different fiber materials (carbon fiber, aramid fiber, and glass fiber) as the core layer and foamed iron-nickel metal as the front and rear panels. The energy absorption characteristics were tested using a self-built gas explosion tube network experimental platform, and the energy absorption effects of different combinations of blast-resistant materials were analyzed.

Spexin acts as a novel glucose-lowering factor in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

At present, the physiological roles of various hormones in fish glucose metabolism have been elucidated. Spexin, a 14-amino acids polypeptide, is highly conserved in many species and has functions such as reducing body weight and improving insulin resistance. In this paper, the open reading frame (ORF) of spx2 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) was cloned, and the tissue distribution of spx1 and spx2, their direct and indirect regulatory effects on glucose metabolism of grass carp were investigated.

Experimental evaluation of the impact of ventilation on cooking-generated fine particulate matter in a Chinese apartment kitchen and adjacent room.

Cooking is one of the major contributors to indoor pollution. Fine particulate matter (PM) produced during cooking commonly mix into adjacent rooms and elevates indoor PM concentrations. The risk of human exposure to cooking-generated PM is mainly related to the exposure duration and particulate matter (PM) concentration.

Dynamics analysis of helical gear considering de-meshing and reverse impact with EHL lubrication condition.

The purpose of this paper was to study the evolution and dynamic characteristics of the helical gear system co-existence response considering the occurrence of de-meshing and reverse impact under lubrication conditions. The double-three tooth alternate meshing model of a helical gear was established, and the time-varying geometric parameters, motion parameters, and load distribution of positive meshing and reverse impact were analyzed, respectively. The variation of oil film parameters and the coupling between oil film stiffness and meshing stiffness of a gear system were studied according to the equivalent lubrication model of a helical gear.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased peanut ( L.) yield by changing the rhizosphere microbial community structure in saline-alkali soil.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have demonstrated the potential to enhance the saline-alkali tolerance in plants. Nevertheless, the extent to which AMF can ameliorate the tolerance of salt-sensitive plants to alkaline conditions necessitates further investigation. The current study is primarily centered on elucidating the impact of AMF on the growth of the Huayu22 (H22) when cultivated in saline-alkaline soil.

OsCPK12 phosphorylates OsCATA and OsCATC to regulate HO homeostasis and improve oxidative stress tolerance in rice.

Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs), the best-characterized calcium sensors in plants, regulate many aspects of plant growth and development as well as plant adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, how CPKs regulate the antioxidant defense system remains largely unknown. We previously found that impaired function of OsCPK12 leads to oxidative stress in rice, with more HO, lower catalase (CAT) activity, and lower yield.

A hydrophobic alloy-coated Zn anode for durable electrochromic devices.

To mitigate Zn corrosion, dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) in Zn-anode based electrochromic devices, hydrophobic CuZn alloy was coated on Zn@CuZn with lower nucleation potential, high coulombic efficiency, inhibited HER, and prolonged reversibility, enabling improved switching kinetics and cycling stability in an electrochromic Zn@CuZn||Prussian Blue (PB) device.

Identification, characterization and expression analysis of wheat RSH family genes under abiotic stress.

Guanosine pentaphosphate and guanosine tetraphosphate are collectively called (p)ppGpp (Guanosine tetraphosphate and pentaphosphate). (p)ppGpp content in plants is affected by conditions such as light, salt, pH, UV light, and environmental phytohormones. The synthesis and hydrolysis of (p)ppGpp in plants is accomplished by a class of proteins called RSH (RelA/SpoT homologs).

Short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in sediment from the Haihe River Basin: Sources, distributions, and ecological risk assessment.

Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) can accumulate in sediment and pose risks to ecological systems and human health. The Haihe River Basin is one of the seven main river basins in China and is mainly in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, which is densely populated and very urbanized. There is therefore a high probability of CP pollution in the Haihe River Basin.