Sexually dimorphic dopaminergic circuits determine sex preference.

Sociosexual preference is critical for reproduction and survival. However, neural mechanisms encoding social decisions on sex preference remain unclear. In this study, we show that both male and female mice exhibit female preference but shift to male preference when facing survival threats; their preference is mediated by the dimorphic changes in the excitability of ventral tegmental area dopaminergic (VTA) neurons.

Single-cell analysis unveils cell subtypes of acral melanoma cells at the early and late differentiation stages.

Background: Melanoma, a malignant neoplasm originating from melanocytes, is a form of skin cancer with rapidly increasing global incidence, often exacerbated by UV radiation[1]. Particularly, acral melanoma, characterized by its swift metastasis and poor prognosis, underscores the significance of further research into its heterogeneity. Single-cell sequencing has been widely utilized in the study of tumor heterogeneity; however, research related to melanoma remains to be further refined.

Phase evolutions of sodium layered oxide cathodes during thermal fluctuations.

Layered transition metal oxide (NaTMO) cathodes are considered highly appropriate for the practical applications of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) owing to their facile synthesis and high theoretical capacity. Generally, the phase evolution behaviors of NaTMO during solid-state reactions at high temperature closely related to their carbon footprint, prime cost, and the eventual electrochemical properties, while the thermal stability in various desodiated states associated with wide temperature fluctuations are extremely prominent to the electrochemical properties and safety of SIB devices. Therefore, in this review, the influences of sintering conditions such as pyrolysis temperature, soaking time, and cooling rates on the phase formation patterns of NaTMO are summarized.

Clostridium difficile-derived membrane vesicles promote fetal growth restriction via inhibiting trophoblast motility through PPARγ/RXRα/ANGPTL4 axis.

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common complication of pregnancy, which seriously endangers fetal health and still lacks effective therapeutic targets. Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is associated with fetal birth weight, and its membrane vesicles (MVs) are pathogenic vectors.

Transparency, trustworthiness and usefulness in pre-eclampsia randomised controlled trials in the last three decades.

Objectives: Over the last decades, there has been a rising number of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on pre-eclampsia. We investigated pre-eclampsia RCTs between 1987 and 2021 and reported on trustworthiness, risk of biases, p-values, transparency, and usefulness.

Methods: We searched PubMed for RCTs containing "pre-eclampsia" or "hypertensive disorders of pregnancy" in the title between 1987 and 2021.

Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes colorectal cancer through neogenesis of tumor stem cells.

Intestinal stem cells are crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis, yet their transformation into tumor stem cells in the context of microbial infection remains poorly understood. Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is frequently associated with the onset and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Natural Fragment Bond Orbital Method for Interfragment Bonding Interaction Analysis.

A complex chemical system is often examined based on their fragments, so fragment-based analysis is the key to chemical understanding. We report the natural fragment bond orbital (NFBO) method for interfragment bonding interaction analysis, as an extension to the well-known natural bond orbital method. NFBOs together with their corresponding natural fragment hybrid orbitals (NFHOs) allow us to derive local bonding and antibonding orbitals among fragments from the delocalized canonical molecular orbitals.

NasalSeg: A Dataset for Automatic Segmentation of Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses from 3D CT Images.

Modern facial surgical planning and therapeutic strategies rely heavily on the precise segmentation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses from computed tomography (CT) images for quantitative analysis. Nevertheless, manual segmentation is labor-intensive and prone to inconsistencies, highlighting the need for automatic segmentation methods. A significant challenge in this field is the lack of publicly available clinical datasets for research.

A Review on Calibration Methods of Cancer Simulation Models.

Unlabelled: Calibration, a critical step in the development of simulation models, involves adjusting unobservable parameters to ensure that the outcomes of the model closely align with observed target data. This process is particularly vital in cancer simulation models with a natural history component where direct data to inform natural history parameters are rarely available. This work reviews the literature of cancer simulation models with a natural history component and identifies the calibration approaches used in these models with respect to the following attributes: calibration target, goodness-of-fit (GOF) measure, parameter search algorithm, acceptance criteria, and stopping rules.

Nuclear Focal Adhesion Kinase Protects against Cisplatin Stress in Ovarian Carcinoma.

FAK inhibitors are in combinatorial clinical testing with agents that prevent Ras-Raf-MAPK pathway activation in various cancers. This study suggests that nuclear FAK limits ERK/MAPK activation in supporting HGSOC cell survival to cisplatin stress. Overall, it is likely that targets of FAK-mediated survival signaling may be tumor type- and context-dependent.

A new discrete-geometry approach for integrative docking of proteins using chemical crosslinks.

The structures of protein complexes allow us to understand and modulate the biological functions of the proteins. Integrative docking is a computational method to obtain the structures of a protein complex, given the atomic structures of the constituent proteins along with other experimental data on the complex, such as chemical crosslinks or SAXS profiles. Here, we develop a new discrete geometry-based method, wall-EASAL, for integrative rigid docking of protein pairs given the structures of the constituent proteins and chemical crosslinks.

The association between brominated flame retardants exposure with Parkinson's disease in US adults: a cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2016.

Background: Increasing evidence suggests that environmental factors play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Humans are simultaneously exposed to multiple brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in the environment. However, the relationship between BFRs and PD remains unclear.

Automated Preoperative Planning Algorithm for Mandibular Angle Osteotomy Based on Anatomical Landmarks Detection: A Retrospective Study.

Objective: The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate an automated preoperative planning algorithm based on anatomical landmark point recognition for enhancing the efficiency and intelligence of preoperative planning for mandibular angle osteotomy.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of 34 patients underwent preoperative planning with this algorithm. The present algorithm was developed using a method based on anatomical marker point recognition.

TW-YOLO: An Innovative Blood Cell Detection Model Based on Multi-Scale Feature Fusion.

As deep learning technology has progressed, automated medical image analysis is becoming ever more crucial in clinical diagnosis. However, due to the diversity and complexity of blood cell images, traditional models still exhibit deficiencies in blood cell detection. To address blood cell detection, we developed the TW-YOLO approach, leveraging multi-scale feature fusion techniques.

Path of career planning and employment strategy based on deep learning in the information age.

With the improvement of education level and the expansion of higher education, more students can have the opportunities to obtain better education, and the pressure of employment competition is also increasing. How to improve students' employment competitiveness, comprehensive quality and the ability to explore paths for career planning and employment strategies has become a common concern in today's society. Under the background of today's informatization, the paths of career planning and employment strategies are becoming more and more informatized.

N318L Blocks the Interaction of Fluralaner but Not Broflanilide or Fipronil with the Insect GABA Receptor .

Fluralaner is a novel insecticide targeting the ionotropic GABA receptor (GABAR) subunit, RDL. A recent study revealed that N316L, a substitution of asparagine (N) with leucine (L), in the second transmembrane (M2)-spanning region reduced the antagonist action of fluralaner on the housefly RDL (RDL) . To verify the impact of N316L , the corresponding mutation (N318L) in the fruitfly RDL (RDL) was constructed using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing.

Parental involvement and student creativity: a three-level meta-analysis.

Introduction: The Ecological Systems Model of Creativity Development (ESMCD) proposes that parental involvement positively impacts student creativity. However, prior empirical studies present mixed results, including positive, negative, and no correlations between these variables.

Methods: To synthesize these inconsistent primary studies, the current study conducted a systematic meta-analysis synthesizing 30 primary studies involving 37 independent samples with 70 effect sizes and a total  = 20,906 participants.