Prostaglandin E2 alleviates inflammatory response and lung injury through EP4/cAMP/IKK/NF-κB pathway.

Purpose: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a pivotal lipid metabolite, plays a dual role in inflammation, manifesting both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects, which are significantly influenced by the cellular microenvironment and receptor subtype. Although recent studies have highlighted the anti-inflammatory potential of PGE2, its role in toll-like receptor (TLR)-associated inflammation and the underlying mechanisms have not fully elucidated. Consequently, the primary aim of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory efficacy of PGE2 in TLR-related inflammation and to elucidate the associated mechanisms.

A novel preoperative prosthetic position planning algorithm for total hip arthroplasty based on the no-impingement principle: A case study.

Most preoperative planning calculations of impingement-free range of motion (IFROM) and impingement-free safe zone (IFSZ) rarely consider non-standard shaped prostheses and bony impingement (BI) for total hip arthroplasty (THA). This research developed a novel algorithm that considers BI, prosthetic impingement, pelvic tilt angle () in the sagittal plane, and non-standard-shaped hip prostheses. This research aimed to investigate the effect of BI and on hip IFROM, IFSZ, and the BI rate.

Proteomics reveals genetic mechanisms of cold resistance in Hezuo pig liver tissue.

Cold stress poses a significant challenge to pig farming in northern China, leading to reduced productivity and, in severe cases, even mortality. However, the mechanisms underlying cold resistance in pigs are not well understood. To explore the genetic mechanism of cold resistance in pigs under low-temperature conditions, the cold-tolerant Hezuo pig was selected as a model.

A Dual-Selection System for Enhanced Efficiency and Fidelity of Circular RNA Overexpression.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are essential regulators of cellular processes, but are challenging to study using traditional methods. Overexpression approaches, such as the use of linearized plasmids and viral vectors, often result in high rates of false-positive clones, where cells retain selection markers without expressing the target circRNA. This study addresses this limitation by developing a dual-selection circRNA system designed to enhance the accuracy and reliability of circRNA overexpression.

Increased pathogenicity and transmissibility in hamsters of all age groups reveal an underestimated perniciousness of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 EG.1 variant.

The evolution and mutation of SARS-CoV-2 is elusive. However, the diverse pathogenicity and transmissibility of different SARS-CoV-2 Omicron/XBB variants are not well understood. We compared virological attributes of two XBB variants, XBB.

Myocardial cGMP-PKG1α dysregulation contributes to VT pathogenesis in type II diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

Background: Type-II diabetes (DMII) and metabolic syndrome increase ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death risk.

Objectives: To identify signaling mechanisms through which DMII and metabolic syndrome promote ventricular tachycardia (VT).

Methods: We performed ventricular programmed stimulation on leptin receptor mutant (Db/Db) mice with DMII, high fat high sucrose (HFHS)-fed mice with metabolic syndrome, and cGMP-dependent Protein Kinase 1α (PKG1α) leucine zipper mutant (LZM) mice, which do not have DMII or metabolic syndrome but have disrupted PKG1α signaling.

Stability of high-density lipoprotein-calcium ion complex stabilized high internal phase Pickering emulsions based on ion cross-linking.

The present work aimed to explore the feasibility of using egg yolk high-density lipoprotein (HDL) as emulsifier to prepare high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPEs), and to understand the mechanism of Ca as ion cross-linking agent in improving the emulsifying stability. HDL-Ca complexes were formed via electrostatic interactions under different pH conditions and Ca concentrations. The results showed that Ca was able to connect the anion groups of HDL particles through ionic bridges.

Yolk-Shell CoNi@N-Doped Carbon-CoNi@CNTs for Enhanced Microwave Absorption, Photothermal, Anti-Corrosion, and Antimicrobial Properties.

The previous studies mainly focused on improving microwave absorbing (MA) performances of MA materials. Even so, these designed MA materials were very difficult to be employed in complex and changing environments owing to their single-functionalities. Herein, a combined Prussian blue analogues derived and catalytical chemical vapor deposition strategy was proposed to produce hierarchical cubic sea urchin-like yolk-shell CoNi@N-doped carbon (NC)-CoNi@carbon nanotubes (CNTs) mixed-dimensional multicomponent nanocomposites (MCNCs), which were composed of zero-dimensional CoNi nanoparticles, three-dimensional NC nanocubes and one-dimensional CNTs.

Extraction Optimization and Bioactivity of Polysaccharides from Spores.

Oxidative stress is associated with the occurrence and progress of aging. Natural polysaccharides have attracted considerable attention in the field of antioxidants and anti-aging products due to their superior biological activity and low toxicity. Ga is primarily found in the Tibetan plateau region and is classified as a subspecies of .

Network Architecture of Leaf Trait Correlations Has Shifted Following Crop Domestication.

Domestication of crops with the goal of improving yield has led to spectacular shifts in phenotypic traits and their correlation patterns. However, it is relatively unknown whether domestication has driven variation in the architecture of trait correlation networks to optimise carbon return on construction cost along the leaf economics spectrum (LES). Here, we compiled a data set of leaf functional, biochemical, and anatomical traits of 54 wild and cultivated crops.

Mesalazine alleviated the symptoms of spontaneous colitis in interleukin-10 knockout mice by regulating the STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Background: Excessive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in intestinal epithelial cells can lead to damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier, activate the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, and exacerbate the inflammatory response, thus participating in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Mesalazine is a commonly used drug in the clinical treatment of UC. However, further studies are needed to determine whether mesalazine regulates the ER stress of intestinal epithelial cells, down-regulates the STAT3/NF-κB pathway to play a role in the treatment of UC.

Optineurin overexpression ameliorates neurodegeneration through regulating neuroinflammation and mitochondrial quality in a murine model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of motor neurons (MNs). Genetic mutations in Optineurin (OPTN) and Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1) have been identified as causal factors for ALS. OPTN immunopositive inclusions have been confirmed in the cases of ALS with SOD1 mutations.

Advancements related to probiotics for preventing and treating recurrent respiratory tract infections in children.

Recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs) are a common condition in pediatrics and significantly impact children's quality of life; however, their pathogenesis and contributing factors are not yet fully elucidated. Probiotics have recently emerged as promising agents for modulating intestinal microecology and have gained considerable attention in clinical research on preventing and treating RRTIs in children. This article provides an initial overview of the concept, classification, and mechanisms underlying probiotics.

[Multi-scenario Simulation and Eco-environmental Effect Analysis of Production-Living-Ecological Space in Henan Province Based on PLUS Model].

Considering Henan Province as the research area, based on land use data with a resolution of 30 m in 2000, 2010, and 2020, we analyzed the distribution of the production-living-ecological space and the quality of the ecological environment in Henan Province using land transfer matrices and an eco-environmental effect model. Furthermore, based on 2020 land use data, the PLUS model was used to simulate land use data for the years 2030, 2040, and 2050 under three scenarios： natural development, production priority, and ecological priority. Finally, we calculated the ecological environment quality index and ecological contribution rate.

Dynamic Structural Evolution of Active Sites and Effect on Heterogeneous Catalysis: Theoretical Insights.

The exploration of structure-activity relationships is one of the key subjects for the rational design of heterogeneous catalysts. Advancements in characterization techniques have unveiled significant geometric and electronic structural changes at active sites under working conditions. This dynamic nature of active sites presents a formidable challenge in determining their structure-activity relationships.

Characterization of the Gene Family in Blueberry ( L.) and the Role of VcSWEET6 Related to Sugar Accumulation in Fruit Development.

Sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs) are essential transmembrane proteins involved in plant growth, stress responses, and plant-pathogen interactions. Despite their importance, systematic studies on SWEETs in blueberries ( L.) are limited.

Lactoferrin alleviates the adverse effects of early-life inflammation on depression in adults by regulating the activation of microglia.

Lactation is a crucial phase of brain development, and the events and nutrients during this period have long-term consequences for the occurrence of depression. This study investigated the effect and mechanism of lactoferrin (LF) deficiency during lactation on depression in adulthood. Lactation LF-deficient mice were established by nursing wild-type mice using LF systemic knockout mother mice.

Hyssopus cuspidatus volatile oil: a potential treatment for steroid-resistant asthma via inhibition of neutrophil extracellular traps.

Background: Steroid-resistant asthma (SRA) is a form of asthma resistant to corticosteroid therapy, which is characterized by the presence of neutrophil-predominant inflammatory response and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation. Hyssopus cuspidatus Boriss., a traditional Uyghur medicine, is known for its efficacy in treating inflammatory lung conditions such as asthma.

Structural Characterizations and Biological Evaluation of a Natural Polysaccharide from Branches of Abel.

Background: Abel () is widely cultivated and serves as an important source of edible oil. Yet, during oil production, pruned branches generate significant waste and contribute to environmental pollution.

Objectives: In this work, we obtain a natural polysaccharide from the branches of and optimize its extraction using Box-Behnken design (BBD), which is a statistical method commonly used in response surface methodology.

Harnessing Insect Chemosensory and Mechanosensory Receptors Involved in Feeding for Precision Pest Management.

Chemosensation and mechanosensation are vital to insects' survival and behavior, shaping critical physiological processes such as feeding, metabolism, mating, and reproduction. During feeding, insects rely on diverse chemosensory and mechanosensory receptors to distinguish between nutritious and harmful substances, enabling them to select suitable food sources while avoiding toxins. These receptors are distributed across various body parts, allowing insects to detect environmental cues about food quality and adjust their behaviors accordingly.

AuNPs/GO/Pt microneedle electrochemical sensor for in situ monitoring of hydrogen peroxide in tomato stems in response to wounding stimulation.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) is a critical signaling molecule with significant roles in various physiological processes in plants. Understanding its regulation through in situ monitoring could offer deeper insights into plant responses and stress mechanisms. In this study, we developed a microneedle electrochemical sensor to monitor HO in situ, offering deeper insights into plant stress responses.

Reductions in mesophyll conductance under drought stress are influenced by increases in cell wall chelator-soluble pectin content and denser microfibril alignment in cotton.

Plants commonly undergo leaf morphoanatomy and composition modifications to cope with drought stress, and these tend to reduce mesophyll conductance to CO2 diffusion (gm), a key limitation to photosynthesis. The cell wall appears to play a crucial role in this reduction, yet the specific effect of cell wall component on gm and the underlying regulatory mechanisms of cell wall thickness (Tcw) variation are not well understood. In this study, we subjected cotton plants to varying levels of water deficit to investigate the impact of leaf cell wall component and the arrangement patterns of microfibrils within cell walls on Tcw and leaf gas exchange.

An overview of small-molecule agents for the treatment of psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a prevalent, chronic inflammatory disease characterized by abnormal skin plaques. To date, physical therapy, topical therapy, systemic therapy and biologic drugs are the most commonly employed strategies for treating psoriasis. Recently, many agents have advanced to clinical trials, and some anti-psoriasis drugs have been approved, including antibody drugs and small-molecule drugs.